Неоплатонические основания искусства в «Истине и методе» Х.-Г. Гадамера через призму бытийной валентности изображения

Платоновские исследования. 2026. Т. 1. № 2.

Стасенко С. С.

This article, based on the paragraph «The Ontological Valence of the Image» in Hans-Georg Gadamer’s Truth and Method (1960), examines the fundamental grounds of Gadamer’s understanding of art and the ways in which it is comprehended. European art of the Modern era, under the influence of the Kantian notion of genius, came — within the school of Romanticism and thereafter — to be understood through the alienation of ideal forms from their lifeworld, which Gadamer terms «aesthetic differentiation». Seeking to overcome the crisis this engendered, Gadamer introduces the expression «transformation into structure», intended to describe how truth manifests in art, drawing on Neoplatonic and Hegelian foundations. Gadamer analyzes in detail the phenomena of theater, poetry, and religion; however, when addressing visual art, he encounters the problem of its static character, which requires a renewed form of questioning. The article provides a thorough analysis of the targeted paragraph in the context of the work as a whole and proposes schematic models aimed at deepening understanding. It clarifies the ambivalent and contradictory role of Plato, to whom the book devotes significant attention. The theory of Gadamer’s contemporary interpreter Jean Grondin concerning the metaphysical character of Truth and Method, as well as his thesis on the special role of Neoplatonism — particularly Plotinus — is demonstrated through examples and direct quotations not explicitly explored in Gadamer’s writings. This approach illuminates both the paragraph under consideration and Gadamer’s conception of art more broadly, providing insight at a new level.

Keywords: Плотин, герменевтика, hermeneutics, неоплатонизм, философия искусства, Plotinus, Гадамер Г., philosophy of art, Gadamer, Neoplatonism, ontological valence of the image, Seinsvalenz des Bildes, transformation into structure, aesthetic differentiation, бытийная валентность изображения, Seinsvalenz des Bildes, преобразование в структуру, эстетическое различение