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Государственное регулирование как фактор преодоления препятствий технологическому лидерству и росту производительности труда
The article examines the impact of geopolitical instability on a nation's technological development, with particular focus on adaptation mechanisms to sanctions pressure, import substitution strategies, and the role of state policy in ensuring technological sovereignty. Special attention is given to Russia as a case study for analyzing the consequences of restrictions and exploring alternative development pathways amid isolation from Western technologies. Key findings reveal that: geopolitical tensions act as a driver of technological progress, spurring indigenous innovation (e.g., the space race, China's semiconductor industry); sanctions create short-term challenges but can accelerate import substitution, as demonstrated by Russia-China cooperation and national projects (e.g., microelectronics, GLONASS); three critical conditions for sustainable technological development under geopolitical instability were identified public-private partnerships to attract investment, workforce development and prevention of brain drain, digital sovereignty and localization of critical technologies (AI, Big Data). The study proposes a reintegration model for foreign companies entering the Russian market, incorporating parameters such as technology transfer, compliance with import substitution policies, and sanctions risk mitigation. This model serves as a practical tool for 35 ЖУРНАЛ «БИЗНЕС. ОБЩЕСТВО. ВЛАСТЬ». Октябрь 2025. №3 (57) formulating balanced technological policies in an unstable global landscape. The paper notes that many of the national projects do not consider the possibility of attracting private investment using public-private partnership (hereinafter - PPP) mechanisms, which limits the infrastructure initiatives funding. The proposals outlined in the paper on the PPP mechanisms for the development of high-tech industries offer great prospects for attracting significant amounts of extra-budgetary investment in the leading industries. It would enable to effectively compensate for the lack of budgetary funds and overcome restrictions on import of the most important technologies, thus creating favorable conditions for innovative growth of the domestic economy and increasing its international competitiveness. The conclusions are highly relevant for shaping technology policy amid the fragmentation of global supply chains.