От имманентной рамки к имманентным логикам: развитие теории секуляризации Ч. Тейлора

Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом. 2025. Т. 43. № 2. С. 238–265.

Pavlov I.

This article develops Ch. Taylor’s secularization theory. Taylor’s framework enables to analyze secularization as a phenomenon that can coexist with high levels of personal religiosity and significance of religion in society. This perspective aligns with Taylor’s concept of “secularity‑3”, which views secularization as a transformation in the conditions of belief and disbelief. He articulates these new conditions through the notion of immanent frame. However, critics of "A Secular Age" have raised concerns regarding the applicability of Taylor’s theory to non‑Western contexts; its reliability as a sociological framework for understanding secularization in contemporary society; its accuracy as a historical research; the opportunity to interpret Taylor’s project as biased by religious apologetics. This article posits that such criticisms stem from ambiguities in the philosophical underpinnings of Taylor’s methodology. While he aims to delineate a pre‑ontological background, he overlooks the fact that such descriptions cannot be universally applicable, even within localized cultural contexts, as they elevate the pre‑ reflexive to a reflexive level. To address these issues, the article advocates for a shift from the concept of immanent frame to that of immanent logics, drawing on Wittgenstein’s rule‑following concept. This approach allows for a more pluralistic understanding of secularity, avoiding claims to provide a universal interpretation of the world and the self in the secular age. The article concludes by discussing the implications of this shift for both the historical study of secularization and current normative reflection.

Keywords: секуляризация, социология религии, sociology of religion, secularization, следование правилу, rule-following, Чарльз Тейлор, Charles Taylor, immanent frame, immanent logics, имманентная рамка, имманентные логики