Траектории трансформации земельного покрова в зональных типах ландшафтов Индокитая

Известия Русского географического общества. 2019. Т. 151. № 4. С. 1–14.

Tretiachenko D., Климанова О. А., Банчева А. И., Алексеева Н. Н.

The article examines land cover dynamics in Indochina from 2001 to 2012 using MODIS Land Cover data. Geospatial land cover data, which objectively represent land surface characteristics, are widely used for small-scale landscape and ecosystem mapping. Indochina, selected for land cover transformation analysis, has experienced significant land use changes in recent decades due to rapid economic development, population growth, and a shift in the agricultural sector towards external markets. The study analyzes land cover changes across various zonal landscape types and elevation spectra. It was found that the density of changes varies among different landscape types, with the most significant transformations occurring in deciduous monsoon forests, semi-evergreen forests (in the sub-equatorial zone), and river valleys. The main trajectories of land cover change from 2001 to 2012 include: 1) expansion of cropland at the expense of forests, savannas, and grasslands; 2) likely increase in area for perennial plantations (rubber and oil palm); 3) forest degradation and savannization; and 4) fluctuations in land used for shifting cultivation. The commercial production of perennial cash crops became the primary driver of deforestation in the 2000s, with land clearing for these purposes potentially having a greater impact on forest cover than logging itself. The identified land cover change characteristics in Indochina provide a detailed understanding of transformation processes compared to their global typology.

Keywords: землепользование, Индокитай, land use, land cover, наземный покров, Indochina states