Эмерджентный дуализм: критический анализ

Философия. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2026. Т. 10. № 1. С. 273–297.

Васильев Н. А.

The article offers a critical analysis of emergent dualism as developed by W. Hasker and D. Zimmerman. The author identifies the main substantive features of this position and the motivations for adopting it. In particular, the article examines different types of emergence, the nature of the emergent soul, and the supposed advantages of emergent dualism over classical forms of dualism and materialism. The main focus is on the analysis of critical objections to emergent dualism, including: the sorites problem, the combination problem, the problem of possession of mental properties, the problem of personal identity, and the problem of super-strong emergence. The strengths and weaknesses of emergent dualism are highlighted. The advantages of this position include: the naturalistic nature of the emergent soul, metaphysical neutrality, compatibility with both theism and atheism, and the preservation of the mental domain. The most serious weakness of emergent dualism derives from the principle of super-strong emergence. Developing the criticism discussed earlier, the author argues that the problematic nature of this key principle of emergent dualism leaves this position puzzling, makes it difficult to assess its explanatory power, and undermines some of its supposed advantages.

Keywords: душа, теизм, эмерджентный дуализм