Социально-экономическая дифференциация мусульманских районов в городах Англии

Региональные исследования. 2024. № 3. С. 92–105.

Умнова Т. Н., Alov I.

The article provides an analysis of the spatial aspects of the social and economic diversity of Muslim city districts in England as a main region that has been receiving Muslim immigrants. The research mainly considers districts of the Muslim immigrants of the second and third generations and carefully studies formed settlement pattern. K-means clustering was chosen as a main research method, while 2021 Census data was used to calculate metrics for the calculations. To cover different aspects of the stated social and economic diversity of the districts it was decided to process 12 metrics describing unemployment rate, employment features, wealth, education accessibility, youth rate, language assimilation, citizenship rate. The clustering iterations with k = 3 and k = 4 provided the interpretable spatial clusters. The clustering results highlightened following social and economic diversity features: the least wealthy Muslim districts are tied to the former industrial belts, meanwhile the wealthiest districts lay in the relatively new peripheric areas; there are also formed central city Muslim districts with specific features outlined from the other Muslim districts by urban lifestyle – low automobilization, relatively crowded households, different employment structure. Clustering with k = 4 has provided a snapshot on the forming semi-periphery of relative wealth between former industrial districts and relatively newly-built periphery.

Keywords: социальная сегрегация, Англия, Ислам, международные миграции населения, ассимиляция иммигрантов