This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Analysis of Images, Social Networks and Texts, AIST 2019, held in Kazan, Russia, in July 2019.

The 24 full papers and 10 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 134 submissions (of which 21 papers were rejected without being reviewed). The papers are organized in topical sections on general topics of data analysis; natural language processing; social network analysis; analysis of images and video; optimization problems on graphs and network structures; analysis of dynamic behaviour through event data.

Provides an overview of the developments and advances in the field of network clustering and blockmodeling over the last 10 years

This book offers an integrated treatment of network clustering and blockmodeling, covering all of the newest approaches and methods that have been developed over the last decade. Presented in a comprehensive manner, it offers the foundations for understanding network structures and processes, and features a wide variety of new techniques addressing issues that occur during the partitioning of networks across multiple disciplines such as community detection, blockmodeling of valued networks, role assignment, and stochastic blockmodeling.

Written by a team of international experts in the field, Advances in Network Clustering and Blockmodeling offers a plethora of diverse perspectives covering topics such as: bibliometric analyses of the network clustering literature; clustering approaches to networks; label propagation for clustering; and treating missing network data before partitioning. It also examines the partitioning of signed networks, multimode networks, and linked networks. A chapter on structured networks and coarsegrained descriptions is presented, along with another on scientific coauthorship networks. The book finishes with a section covering conclusions and directions for future work. In addition, the editors provide numerous tables, figures, case studies, examples, datasets, and more.

Offers a clear and insightful look at the state of the art in network clustering and blockmodeling Provides an excellent mix of mathematical rigor and practical application in a comprehensive manner Presents a suite of new methods, procedures, algorithms for partitioning networks, as well as new techniques for visualizing matrix arrays Features numerous examples throughout, enabling readers to gain a better understanding of research methods and to conduct their own research effectively Written by leading contributors in the field of spatial networks analysis

Advances in Network Clustering and Blockmodeling is an ideal book for graduate and undergraduate students taking courses on network analysis or working with networks using real data. It will also benefit researchers and practitioners interested in network analysis.

This book deals with mathematical modeling, namely, it describes the mathematical model of heat transfer in a silicon cathode of small (nano) dimensions with the possibility of partial melting taken into account.  This mathematical model is based on the phase field system, i.e., on a contemporary generalization of Stefan-type free boundary problems. The approach used is not purely mathematical but is based on the understanding of the solution structure (construction and study of asymptotic solutions) and computer calculations. The book presents an algorithm for numerical solution of the equations of the mathematical model including its parallel implementation. The results of numerical simulation concludes the book. The book is intended for specialists in the field of heat transfer and field emission processes and can be useful for senior students and postgraduates.​

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Intelligent Data Processing, IDP 2016, held in Barcelona, Spain, in October 2016.  

 

The 11 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The papers of this volume are organized in topical sections on machine learning theory with applications; intelligent data processing in life and social sciences; morphological and technological approaches to image analysis.

This book is devoted to classical and modern achievements in complex analysis. In order to benefit most from it, a first-year university background is sufficient; all other statements and proofs are provided.

We begin with a brief but fairly complete course on the theory of holomorphic, meromorphic, and harmonic functions. We then present a uniformization theory, and discuss a representation of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces of a fixed topological type as a factor space of a contractible space by a discrete group. Next, we consider compact Riemann surfaces and prove the classical theorems of Riemann-Roch, Abel, Weierstrass, etc. We also construct theta functions that are very important for a range of applications.

After that, we turn to modern applications of this theory. First, we build the (important for mathematics and mathematical physics) Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy and use validated results to arrive at important solutions to these differential equations. We subsequently use the theory of harmonic functions and the theory of differential hierarchies to explicitly construct a conformal mapping that translates an arbitrary contractible domain into a standard disk – a classical problem that has important applications in hydrodynamics, gas dynamics, etc.

The book is based on numerous lecture courses given by the author at the Independent University of Moscow and at the Mathematics Department of the Higher School of Economics.

In the last 30 years a new pattern of interaction between mathematics and physics emerged, in which the latter catalyzed the creation of new mathematical theories. Most notable examples of this kind of interaction can be found in the theory of moduli spaces. In algebraic geometry the theory of moduli spaces goes back at least to Riemann, but they were first rigorously constructed by Mumford only in the 1960s. The theory has experienced an extraordinary development in recent decades, finding an increasing number of connections with other fields of mathematics and physics. In particular, moduli spaces of different objects (sheaves, instantons, curves, stable maps, etc.) have been used to construct invariants (such as Donaldson, Seiberg-Witten, Gromov-Witten, Donaldson-Thomas invariants) that solve longstanding, difficult enumerative problems. These invariants are related to the partition functions and expectation values of quantum field and string theories. In recent years, developments in both fields have led to an unprecedented cross-fertilization between geometry and physics. These striking interactions between geometry and physics were the theme of the CIME School Geometric Representation Theory and Gauge Theory. The School took place at the Grand Hotel San Michele, Cetraro, Italy, in June, Monday 25 to Friday 29, 2018. The present volume is a collection of notes of the lectures delivered at the school. It consists of three articles from Alexander Braverman and Michael Finkelberg, Andrei Negut, and Alexei Oblomkov, respectively.

We propose a novel machine-learning-based approach to detect bid leakage in first-price sealed-bid auctions. We extract and analyze the data on more than 1.4 million Russian procurement auctions between 2014 and 2018. As bid leakage in each particular auction is tacit, the direct classification is impossible. Instead, we reduce the problem of bid leakage detection to Positive-Unlabeled Classification. The key idea is to regard the losing participants as fair and the winners as possibly corrupted. This allows us to estimate the prior probability of bid leakage in the sample, as well as the posterior probability of bid leakage for each specific auction. We find that at least 16% of auctions are exposed to bid leakage. Bid leakage is more likely in auctions with a higher reserve price, lower number of bidders and lower price fall, and where the winning bid is received in the last hour before the deadline.

Workshop concentrates on an interdisciplinary approach to modelling human behavior incorporating data mining and expert knowledge from behavioral sciences. Data analysis results extracted from clean data of laboratory experiments will be compared with noisy industrial datasets from the web e.g. Insights from behavioral sciences will help data scientists. Behavior scientists will see new inspirations to research from industrial data science. Market leaders in Big Data, as Microsoft, Facebook, and Google, have already realized the importance of experimental economics know-how for their business. 

In Experimental Economics, although financial rewards restrict subjects preferences in experiments, exclusive application of analytical game theory is not enough to explain the collected data. It calls for the development and evaluation of more sophisticated models. The more data is used for evaluation, the more statistical significance can be achieved. Since large amounts of behavioral data are required to scan for regularities, along with automated agents needed to simulate and intervene in human interactions, Machine Learning is the tool of choice for research in Experimental Economics. This workshop is aimed at bringing together researchers from both Data Analysis and Economics in order to achieve mutually beneficial results.

This is an advanced text on ordinary differential equations (ODES) in Banach and more general locally convex spaces, most notably the ODEs on measures and various function spaces. It yields the concise exposition of the fundamentals with the fast, but rigorous and systematic transition to the up-fronts of modern research in linear and nonlinear partial and pseudo-differential equations, general kinetic equations and fractional evolutions. The level of generality is chosen to be suitable for the study of the most important nonlinear equations of mathematical physics, such as Boltzmann, Smoluchovskii, Vlasov, Landau-Fokker-Planck, Cahn-Hilliard, Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman, nonlinear Schroedinger, McKean-Vlasov diffusions and their nonlocal extensions, mass-action-law kinetics from chemistry. It also covers nonlinear evolutions arising in evolutionary biology and mean-field games, optimization theory, epidemics and system biology, in general models of interacting particles or agents describing splitting and merging, collisions and breakage, mutations and the preferential-attachment growth on networks. The book is meant for final year undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in differential equations and their applications. A significant amount of attention is paid to the interconnections between various topics revealing where and how a particular result is used in other chapters or may be used in other contexts, as well as to the clarification of the links between the languages of pseudo-differential operators, generalized functions, operator theory, abstract linear spaces, fractional calculus and path integrals.

The Third Workshop on Computer Modelling in Decision Making (CMDM 2018) was held in Saratov State University (Saratov, Russia) within the VII International Youth Research and Practice Conference ‘Mathematical and Computer Modelling in Economics, Insurance and Risk Management’. The workshop 's main topic is computer and mathematical modeling in decision making in finance, insurance, banking, economic forecasting, investment and financial analysis. Researchers, postgraduate students, academics as well as financial, bank, insurance and government workers participated in the Workshop.

Modal logics, both propositional and predicate, have been used in computer science since the late 1970s. One of the most important properties of modal logics of relevance to their applications in computer science is the complexity of their satisfiability problem. The complexity of satisfiability for modal logics is rather high: it ranges from NP-complete to undecidable for propositional logics and is undecidable for predicate logics. This has, for a long time, motivated research in drawing the borderline between tractable and intractable fragments of propositional modal logics as well as between decidable and undecidable fragments of predicate modal logics. In the present thesis, we investigate some very natural restrictions on the languages of propositional and predicate modal logics and show that placing those restrictions does not decrease complexity of satisfiability. For propositional languages, we consider restricting the number of propositional variables allowed in the construction of formulas, while for predicate languages, we consider restricting the number of individual variables as well as the number and arity of predicate letters allowed in the construction of formulas. We develop original techniques, which build on and develop the techniques known from the literature, for proving that satisfiability for a finite-variable fragment of a propositional modal logic is as computationally hard as satisfiability for the logic in the full language and adapt those techniques to predicate modal logics and prove undecidability of fragments of such logics in the language with a finite number of unary predicate letters as well as restrictions on the number of individual variables. The thesis is based on four articles published or accepted for publication. They concern propositional dynamic logics, propositional branchingand alternating-time temporal logics, propositional logics of symmetric rela tions, and first-order predicate modal and intuitionistic logics. In all cases, we identify the “minimal,” with regard to the criteria mentioned above, fragments whose satisfiability is as computationally hard as satisfiability for the entire logic.

This volume collects the referred papers based on plenary, invited, and oral talks, as well on the posters presented at the Third International Conference on Computer Simulations in Physics and beyond (CSP2018), which took place September 24-27, 2018 in Moscow. The Conference continues the tradition started by an inaugural conference in 2015. It took place on the campus of A.N. Tikhonov Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics in Strogino, was jointly organized by the National Research University Higher School of Economics, the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics and Science Center in Chernogolovka.

The Conference is a multidisciplinary meeting, with a focus on computational physics and related subjects. Indeed, methods of computational physics prove useful in a broad spectrum of research in multiple branches of natural sciences, and this volume provides a sample.

We hope that this volume will interest readers, and we are already looking forward to the next conference in the series.

Moscow, Russia

November, 2018

CSP2018 Conference Chair and Volume Editor

Lev Shchur

This book covers the classical theory of Markov chains on general state-spaces as well as many recent developments. The theoretical results are illustrated by simple examples, many of which are taken from Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. The book is self-contained, while all the results are carefully and concisely proven. Bibliographical notes are added at the end of each chapter to provide an overview of the literature.

In this work we construct and discuss special solutions of a homogeneous problem for the Laplace equation in a domain with the cone-shaped boundaries. The problem at hand is interpreted as that describing oscillatory linear wave movement of a uid under gravity in such a domain. These so- lutions are found in terms of the Mellin transform and by means of the reduction to some new functional-difference equations solved in an explicit form (in quadratures). The behavior of the so- lutions at far distances is studied by use of the saddle point technique. The corresponding eigenoscil- lations of a uid are then interpreted as eigenfunctions of the continuous spectrum.

The monograph provides a detailed presentation of the theory of weak convergence of measures. 

This work discusses a possibility to assess the probability of company default using system dynamic model. This approach is based on Monte Carlo Simulation with various inputs for a system dynamic model. The results are compared with the estimations of rating agencies.

Existence, weak uniqueness, and Markov - Dobrushin's conditions are established for Markov solutions of highly degenerate stochastic differential equations.

Aim of the work was to study the influence of different brain rhythms (i.e. theta, beta, gamma ranges with frequencies from 5 to 80 Hz) on the ultraslow oscillations with frequency of 0.5 Hz and below, where high and low activity states alternate. Ultraslow oscillations are usually observed within neural activity in the human brain and in the prefrontal cortex in particular during rest. Ultraslow oscillations are considered to be generated by local cortical circuitry together with pulse-like inputs and neuronal noise. Structure of ultraslow oscillations shows specific statistics and their characteristics has been connected with cognitive abilities, such as working memory performance and capacity. Methods. In the study we used previously constructed computational model describing activity of a cortical circuit consisting of the populations of pyramidal cells and interneurons. This model was developed to mimic global input impinging on the local prefrontal cortex circuit from other cortical areas or subcortical structures. The model dynamics was studied numerically. Results. We found that frequency increase deferentially lengthens the up states and therefore increases stability of self-sustained activity with oscillations in the gamma band. Discussion. We argue that such effects would be beneficial to information processing and transfer in cortical networks with hierarchical inhibition.

The rational homology group of the order complex of non-even partitions of a finite set is calculated. A twisted version of Goresky–MacPherson approach to similar homology calculations is proposed.

Local diffusion of strictly hyperbolic higher-order PDE's with constant coefficients at all simple singularities of corresponding wavefronts can be explained and recognized by only two local geometrical features of these wavefronts. We radically disprove the obvious conjecture extending this fact to arbitrary singularities: namely, we present examples of diffusion at all non-simple singularity classes of generic wavefronts in odd-dimensional spaces, which are not reducible to diffusion at simple singular points.

Let G be a reductive complex algebraic group. We fix a pair of opposite Borel subgroups and consider the corresponding semi-infinite orbits in the affine Grassmannian Gr G . We prove Simon Schieder’s conjecture identifying his bialgebra formed by the top compactly supported cohomology of the intersections of opposite semi-infinite orbits with U (n ∨ ) (the universal enveloping algebra of the positive nilpotent subalgebra of the Langlands dual Lie algebra g ∨ ). To this end we construct an action of Schieder bialgebra on the geometric Satake fiber functor. We propose a conjectural construction of Schieder bialgebra for an arbitrary symmetric Kac–Moody Lie algebra in terms of Coulomb branch of the corresponding quiver gauge theory.

The authors quantitatively analyse the long-term dynamics of technological progress from 40,000 BCE and offer projections through the 22nd century. We provide one method to measure technological progress over that time period, using a simple hyperbolic equation, yt = C/(t0 – t), as our model. We define yt as the technological growth rate, measured as number of technological phase transitions per unit of time. Our method measures the worldwide technology dynamic growth with an accuracy of R2 = 0.99. We find the singularity date occurs in the early 21st century and expect a new powerful acceleration of technological development after the 2030s followed by a slow-down in the late 21st and early 22nd centuries. The authors discuss the role of global ageing as one of the main factors in both the technological acceleration and the subsequent deceleration.

The dynamics of a non-autonomous oscillator in which the phase and frequency of the external force depend on the dynamical variable is studied. Such a control of the phase and frequency of the external force leads to the appearance of complex chaotic dynamics in the behavior of oscillator. A hierarchy of various periodic and chaotic oscillations is observed. The structure of the space of control parameters is studied. It is shown there are oscillatory modes similar to those of a non-autonomous oscillator with a potential in the form of a periodic function in the system dynamics, but there are also significant differences. Physical experiments of such systems are implemented.

In Gurevich and Saponov (J Geom Phys 138:124–143, 2019) the notion of braided Yangians of Reflection Equation type was introduced. Each of these algebras is associated with an involutive or Hecke symmetry R. In these algebras quantum analogs of certain symmetric polynomials (elementary symmetric ones, power sums) were defined. In the present paper we show that these quantum symmetric polynomials commute with each other and consequently generate a commutative Bethe subalgebra. As an application, we get some Gaudin-type models.

The paper is devoted to the problem of enumerating maps onan orientable or non-orientable surface of a given genusgupto all symmetries (so-called unsensed maps). We obtain generalformulas that reduce the problem of counting such maps to theproblem of enumerating rooted quotient maps on orbifolds. Inaddition, we solve the problem of describing all cyclic orbifoldsfor a given orientable or non-orientable surface of a fixed genusg. We also derive recurrence relations for quotient rooted mapson orbifolds that can be orientable or non-orientable surfaceswithrbranch points,hboundary components andghandlesor cross-caps. These results enable us to calculate the numbersof unsensed maps on orientable or non-orientable surfaces ofarbitrary genusgby the number of edges.

We explore whether a root lattice may be similar to the lattice $\mathscr O$ of integers  of a number field $K$ endowed with the inner product $(x, y):={\rm Trace}_{K/\mathbb Q}(x\cdot\theta(y))$, where $\theta$ is an involution of $K$. We classify all  pairs $K$, $\theta$ such that $\mathscr O$ is similar to either an even root lattice or the root lattice $\mathbb Z^{[K:\mathbb Q]}$. We also classify all  pairs $K$, $\theta$ such that $\mathscr O$ is a root lattice. In addition to this, we show that $\mathscr O$ is never similar to a positive-definite even unimodular lattice of rank $\leqslant 48$, in particular, $\mathscr O$ is not similar to the Leech lattice. In appendix, we give a general cyclicity criterion for the primary components of the discriminant group of $\mathscr O$.

Main subject of the paper is a (strong) Morse function on a compact manifold with boundary. We construct a cellular structure and discuss its algebraic properties in this paper.

Construction of new integrable systems and methods of their investigation is one of the main directions of development of the modern mathematical physics. Here we present an approach based on the study of behavior of roots of functions of canonical variables with respect to a parameter of simultaneous shift of space variables. Dynamics of singularities of the KdV and Sinh--Gordon equations, as well as rational cases of the Calogero--Moser and Ruijsenaars--Schneider models are shown to provide examples of such induced dynamics. Some other examples are given to demonstrates highly nontrivial collisions of particles and Liouville integrability of induced dynamical systems.

We consider quadrangles of perimeter 2 in the plane with marked directed edge. To such quadrangle  Q two-dimensional plane  P with orthonormal base is corresponded. Orthoganal plane defines  a plane quadrangle R of perimeter 2 and with marked directed edge. This quadrangle is definded uniquely ( up to rotation and symmetry ). Quadrangles Q and R will be called dual to each ather. The following properties of duality are prooved: a)duality preserves qonvexity, non convexity and self-intersection;b) duality preserves the length of diagonals; c) the sum of length of corresponding edges in Q and R is 1.l

Presburger Arithmetic PrA is the true theory of natural numbers with addition. We consider linear orderings interpretable in Presburger Arithmetic and establish various necessary and sucient conditions for interpretability depending on dimension n of interpretation. We note this problem is relevant to the interpretations of Presburger Arithmetic in itself, as well as the characterization of automatic orderings. For n = 2 we obtain the complete criterion of interpretability.

We consider quadrangles of perimeter 2 in the plane with marked directed edge. To such quadrangle $Q$ a two-dimensional plane $\Pi\in\mathbb{R}^4$ with orthonormal base is corresponded. Orthogonal plane $\Pi^bot$ defines a plane quadrangle $Q^\circ$ of perimeter 2 and with marked directed edge. This quadrangle is defined uniquely (up to rotation and symmetry). Quadrangles $Q$ and $Q^\circ$ will be called dual to each other. The following properties of duality are proved: a) duality preserves convexity, non convexity and self-intersection; b) duality preserves the length of diagonals; c) the sum of lengths of corresponding edges in $Q$ and $Q^\circ$ is 1.

Buchstaber and Terzic introduced a notion of universal space of parameters F for a manifold M^2n, which has an effective action of compact torus T^k , k≤n with some additional properties. with special properties. This space is needed to construction of factor M^2n/T^k. Buchstaber and Terzic constructed the universal space of parameters for G_5,2. In this work we construct universal space of parameters for complex Grassmann manifold G_q+1,2. Our construction is based on the construction of moduli space of stable curves of genus zero with q+1 marked points due to Salamon, McDuff and Hofer.

Let G be a complex Lie group acting on a compact complex Hermitian manifold M by holomorphic isometries. We prove that the induced action on the Dolbeault cohomology and on the Bott-Chern cohomology is trivial. We also apply this result to compute the Dolbeault cohomology of Vaisman manifolds.

Motivated by the Chern-Weil theory, we prove that for a given vector bundle E on a smooth scheme X over a field k of any characteristic, the Chern classes of E in the Hodge cohomology can be recovered from the Atiyah class. Although this problem was solved by Illusie in \cite{i}, we present another proof by means of derived algebraic geometry.  Also, for a scheme X over a field k of characteristic p with a vector bundle E we construct elements c^cris_n(E,α(E))∈H^2n_dR(X) using an obstruction α(E) to a lifting of F∗E to a crystal modulo p2 and prove that c^cris_n(E,α(E))=n!⋅c^dR_n(E), where cdRn(E)are the Chern classes of E in the de Rham cohomology and F is the Frobenius map.

Sasakian manifolds are odd-dimensional counterpart to Kahler manifolds. They can be defined as contact manifolds equipped with an invariant Kahler structure on their symplectic cone. The quotient of this cone by the homothety action is a complex manifold called Vaisman. We study harmonic forms and Hodge decomposition on Vaisman and Sasakian manifolds. We construct a Lie superalgebra associated to a Sasakian manifold in the same way as the Kahler supersymmetry algebra is associated to a Kahler manifold. We use this construction to produce a self-contained, coordinate-free proof of the results by Tachibana, Kashiwada and Sato on the decomposition of harmonic forms and cohomology of Sasakian and Vaisman manifolds. In the last section, we compute the supersymmetry algebra of Sasakian manifolds explicitly.

We construct a mirabolic analogue of the geometric Satake equivalence. We also prove an equivalence that relates representations of a supergroup with the category of GL(N−1,ℂ[[t]])-equivariant perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian of GL_N. We explain how our equivalences fit into a more general conjectural framework proposed by D. Gaiotto.

We classify smooth Fano threefolds with infinite automorphism groups.

We classify some special classes of non-rational Fano threefolds with terminal singularities. In particular, all such hyperelliptic and trigonal varieties are found.

We classify smooth Fano weighted complete intersections of large codimension.

We show that automorphism groups of Hopf and Kodaira surfaces have unbounded finite subgroups. For elliptic fibrations on Hopf, Kodaira, bielliptic, and K3 surfaces, we make some observations on finite groups acting along the fibers and on the base of such a fibration.