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The Arab Spring: Causes, Conditions, and Driving Forces
P. 595–624.
Publication based on the results of:
In book
Grinin L. E., Korotayev A., Karasev D., Rozov N., Grinin A., Selbin E., Mitchell L., Goldstone J. Springer, 2022.
Ustyuzhanin V., Fain E., Korotayev A., Conflict Management and Peace Science 2026 P. 1–23
In the field of civil war studies, there is a consensus that the risk of war decreases as income increases. Nevertheless, such consensus has not been reached in the field of civil resistance and unarmed revolutions. This paper proposes a curvilinear framework positing two opposite trends in economic development. On the one hand, it increases ...
Added: April 21, 2026
Korotayev A., Хайруллин Т. Р., Shelkovnikov A., Восток. Афро-азиатские общества: история и современность 2025 № 1 С. 195–207
The article analyzes the Saudi-Emirati alliance formed after the events of the Arab Spring as a reaction to the strengthening of the Turkish-Qatari alliance. The common point of contact in the process of rapprochement between Saudi Arabia and the UAE was the fear and suspicion of the transnational organization Muslim Brotherhood supported by Qatar and ...
Added: April 20, 2026
Вадим Устюжанин, Дмитрий Семичев, Леонид Гринин et al., Социологическое обозрение 2026 Т. 25 № 1 С. 9–61
The revolutionary process in the 21st century has undergone significant changes, and with the destabilization of democracy and the transformation of the world order, the number of revolutionary episodes has only increased, acquiring new goals and forms. In the countries of the Global South, as the population grew, millions of people began to come out ...
Added: March 25, 2026
Korotayev A., Andrey Zhdanov, Julia Zinkina et al., Comparative Sociology 2025 Vol. 24 No. 6 P. 801–842
Revolutionary events are increasingly likely to take unarmed forms. This trend has been observed over the past 120 years as a result of the World System transformation, wherein most societies increased their GDP per capita, experienced the spread of modern formal education, and moved from predominantly rural and very young populations to mostly urban and ...
Added: December 27, 2025
Andrey Korotayev, Andrey Zhdanov, Julia Zinkina et al., Comparative Sociology 2025 Vol. 24 No. 6 P. 801–842
Revolutionary events are increasingly likely to take unarmed forms. This trend has been observed over the past 120 years as a result of the World System transformation, wherein most societies increased their GDP per capita, experienced the spread of modern formal education, and moved from predominantly rural and very young populations to mostly urban and older ...
Added: November 21, 2025
Ustyuzhanin V., Медведев И. А., Ufimtsev A. et al., Социологическое обозрение 2025 Т. 24 № 1 С. 71–105
One of the most important trends noted by researchers in the revolutionary events of recent decades is the rapid increase in the share of unarmed revolutionary uprisings and, accordingly, a decrease in the share of armed revolutionary insurgencies. The study of this trend is of great importance. This work continues previous research on unarmed revolutionary ...
Added: November 13, 2025
Shishkina A., Journal of Asian and African Studies 2025 P. 00219096251324557–00219096251324557
This article is aimed at analyzing the combinations of factors that triggered the processes of socio-political destabilization of the Arab Spring, and which can be considered in addition to the context of purely economic or political explanations of revolutionary episodes. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is chosen as a tool for analyzing the data, which allows ...
Added: September 4, 2025
Korotayev A., Egor Fain, Ustyuzhanin V. et al., Critical Sociology 2025 Vol. 51 No. 4-5 P. 659–677
This article is the final part of our systematic review of the substantive findings of fifth-generation revolution studies, building on the examination of the emergence and characteristics of this generation contained in the first article in the series. Our systematic review is divided into two parts. In this second and final part, the following areas ...
Added: January 30, 2025
Ustyuzhanin V., Fain E., Korotayev A., Экономическая социология 2025 Т. 26 № 1 С. 52–89
The article tests several hypotheses about the impact of wealth and income inequality, as well as inequality in human capital, on the risks of armed and unarmed revolutions. Using the revolutionary destabilization database from the Center for Stability and Risk Analysis (CSRA) at HSE University, along with data collected by Mark Beissinger, the study analyzes ...
Added: January 29, 2025
Shishkina A., Asia and Africa today 2024 Vol. 7 P. 49–56
This article is aimed at studying the inclusion of women in the processes of political participation using the example of the Arab Spring protests. New information technologies and, in particular, social media allowed women to participate in the Arab Spring demonstrations as organizers, activists and journalists. Due to the fact that men in the re- ...
Added: November 11, 2024
Издательство "Учитель", 2021.
Revolutions have always played a significant role in the life of societies, but this role has become especially important since the XVI century. In other words, since the early Modern period, the role of revolutions as a driving force of progress has increased dramatically. However, in the following centuries, their role in the transformation of ...
Added: October 8, 2024
Korotayev A., Ustyuzhanin V., Grinin L. E. et al., / Series " ". 2024.
There are grounds for stating that in the 21st century a new ("fifth") generation of revolution studies has emerged. It can be noted that the characteristics of this generation are: a tendency towards a macro approach (both in the historical and geographical sense) together with a systemic approach; the research of separate important types of ...
Added: September 15, 2024
Ustyuzhanin V., / NRU Higher School of Economics. Series PS "Political Science". 2024.
In the field of civil war studies, there is now a consensus that the risk of war decreases as average income increases. Nevertheless, such consensus has not been reached in the field of unarmed revolutions, which dominate the revolutionary process of our time. This can be explained by the fact that the researchers assumed a ...
Added: June 10, 2024
Leonid Grinin, Korotayev A., Critical Sociology 2024 Vol. 50 No. 6 P. 1109–1141
First of all, we would like to sincerely thank our critics for their work, for being able to find the opportunity to read our voluminous books, especially the Handbook of Revolutions (Goldstone et al., 2022b), which indeed came out much larger than we had planned, although unfortunately many topics and problems were left ‘off the ...
Added: May 20, 2024
Maksim Kostin, Korotayev A., Comparative Sociology 2024 Vol. 23 No. 2 P. 240–278
USAID democracy promotion programs might not only influence the democracy levels, but also increase the likelihood of revolutionary uprisings in the recipient states. Democracy promotion can strengthen political opponents of the incumbent regime via support for alternative media, civil society groups and political parties, on one hand, and, on the other, support democratic institutions that ...
Added: May 7, 2024
Leonid Grinin, Korotayev A., Critical Sociology 2024 Vol. 50 No. 6 P. 1039–1067
Recently, several significant studies have been published on revolutions, various aspects of the theory of revolution, and revolutions of recent times—the 21st century. Some of these studies will be discussed in this review essay. These studies deserve the most careful reading and analysis, consideration of their strengths and weaknesses in relation to the aspect of ...
Added: April 10, 2024
Korotayev A., Elena Voronina, , in: Terrorism and Political Contention. New Perspectives on North Africa and the Sahel Region.: Springer, 2024. P. 349–400.
Added: April 8, 2024
Korotayev A., Andrew Zhdanov, Gleb Krivenko, Comparative Sociology 2024 Vol. 23 No. 1 P. 98–126
This analysis finds that the impact of elections on risks of armed insurrections is not statistically significant, whereas unarmed uprisings/nonviolent revolutions are more likely to occur in the election year. It is also shown that the influence of elections on unarmed revolutionary destabilization had tended to grow with time. The election
year became a significant factor ...
Added: February 26, 2024
Atanasiu M., Besenyő J., Denisova T. et al., Springer, 2024.
Against the backdrop of terrorist activity and the emergence of new conflicts in the MENA region, this book identifies factors of political contestation and analyzes organizational forms and dynamics of terrorism and conflict in North Africa and the Sahel. Written by an international selection of authors from different fields, the book covers topics such as ...
Added: November 15, 2023
Korotayev A., Zhdanov A., Полития: Анализ. Хроника. Прогноз 2023 Т. 110 № 3 С. 149–171
The article presents a systematic review of the results of testing the political factors of revolutionary destabilization in the works attributed by the authors to the fifth generation of studies of revolutions. It is shown that, according to quantitative cross-national studies conducted to date, the same political factors can have different effects on the likelihood ...
Added: November 13, 2023
Зинькина Ю. В., Korotayev A., В кн.: Системный мониторинг глобальных и региональных рисков.: Учитель, 2022. Гл. 13 С. 322–362.
Явлению «молодежных бугров» и его влиянию на возникновение социально-политической нестабильности посвящено значительное количество исследований. Казалось бы, по мере завершения странами мира демографического перехода это явление должно остаться в прошлом. Однако наше исследование показывает, что для стран Африки, где сохраняется высокая рождаемость, сочетающаяся с незавершенностью урбанизационного перехода, в высшей степени релевантна такая модификация этого явления, как «городские ...
Added: August 17, 2023
Korotayev A., Issaev L., Zinkina J. V., В кн.: Системный мониторинг глобальных и региональных рисков.: Учитель, 2022. Гл. 13 С. 34–74.
In the late 2010s countries of the Middle East and North Africa/The MENA has been swept by a new revolutionary wave, called "Arab Spring 2.0". This article proposes a preliminary description and analysis of this revolutionary wave in the MENA region. The scale of the protests in the late 2010s approached scale of the "Arab ...
Added: August 16, 2023
Korotayev A., Khokhlova A., Неприкосновенный запас. Дебаты о политике и культуре 2023 Т. 148 № 2 С. 206–223
События в арабском мире, имевшие место в 2011 году, выступили в качестве триггера глобальной волны нестабильности, значительно превысившей масштабы самой «арабской весны» и затронувшей все регионы мира. Однако в разных мир-системных зонах эта глобальная дестабилизация проявилась по-разному и не вполне синхронно. В самом 2011-м особенно заметный подъем демонстраций, беспорядков и забастовок наблюдался в арабском мире ...
Added: August 1, 2023