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История литературы Италии

The dream as a cultural figuration in Richard Beerhofmann „The death Georg“ permits us to open some row of constants of the modern age in Austria. These constants are Narzissismus, aesthetic perception of the world which stylises of all living to the art object, and disregarding of the social reality. At the example the dream in the work the artistic problems of the modern age are interpreted.
Article is dedicated to the problem of the formation of Lev Tolstoy's world views and evolution of his views on the violence and the war. There is shown Tolstoy's way from the patriotic directivity to the substantiation of idea nonviolence and the nonresistance to evil by force.
The representation of the First World War in Richard Schaukals „brass sonnets“ served the purposes of the political propaganda. The form of the sonnet, the three-part composition and the use of bombastic metaphors were subordinated to this purpose. Besides, the politicisation of the aesthetics also entails the politicisation of the art what has found her succinct picture in the „brass sonnets“.