Компаративный анализ: надлежащие практики защиты данных в здравоохранении России и за рубежом

Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки. 2025. Т. 29. № 1. С. 235–254.

Лебедева Д. А.

This article provides a comparative legal analysis of the legislation and practice of protecting personal data of patients in the healthcare system of Russia, the USA, the EU, China and a number of other Asian countries. It has been proven that the leaders in this area are the United States and the EU, where special laws on the protection of personal data in the field of healthcare apply, establishing strict requirements for medical data operators and providing for serious sanctions for their violation. It is noted that Russian legislation in the field of personal data protection in the field of healthcare corresponds to global trends in digitalization and personal data protection, however, there are law enforcement problems associated with underfunding of the IT infrastructure of medical organizations, a shortage of qualified personnel, and low digital literacy of medical personnel. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a comprehensive model for modernizing Russian legislation in the field of protecting patients’ personal data, combining the best foreign experience taking into account national specifics. The results obtained form the basis for further scientific research on the problems of transforming medical confidentiality protection systems in the context of the development of big data technologies, AI, and the Internet of things. The work substantiates the feasibility of differentiating legal regulation depending on categories of information (genetic and biometric data), argues for the need to strengthen liability for violations, and proposes specific legislative innovations. The main research methods were comparative legal, formal legal, expert analytical, visualization and structural analysis methods.

Keywords: здравоохранение, информационная безопасность, персональные данные, сравнительный анализ, healthcare, personal data, medical information systems, медицинские информационные системы, information security, electronic health records, Электронные медицинские карты, comparative analysis