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Механизмы мотивации ответственного отношения детей и молодежи к своему здоровью
Promotion of healthy lifestyle can improve the knowledge of adolescents and youth about health risks, but may not be sufficient for behavioral change. Various incentives are widely used in countries with developed economies to motivate children and youth to strengthen a responsible attitude towards their health as a resource for further successful development. Objective. To determine general approaches to the development of the Russian system of motivating children and youth to take a responsible attitude towards health. Material and methods. The search for scientific publications, presented in Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Medline databases, was carried out. The search strategy included the combination of «free text» and «heading medical subject» terms related to the motivation of people’s responsible attitude to their health. Systematization and generalization of information was carried out in the main areas: criteria for the formation of motivation systems, the specifics of incentive systems for children and youth, the effectiveness of the applied mechanisms for motivating a responsible attitude towards one’s health in certain population groups. Results. An analysis of the mechanisms used to encourage children and youth to take a responsible attitude towards their health, and the available evidence of the effectiveness of such mechanisms allows us to determine the main provisions that must be taken into account when developing them in the Russian education and healthcare system. Among these provisions: the use of incentive mechanisms, mainly at the individual level; using a target strategy — changing only one type of behavior; preferential provision of incentive mechanisms to achieve target indicators; taking into account age categories of development when determining types of incentives; the use of exclusively positive incentives; involvement of peers, widespread use of gaming and information technologies. Conclusion. Based on an analysis of evidence of the motivational mechanism effectiveness, general approaches to the formation of an incentive system in Russia are proposed. Evidence of the effectiveness of incentives to change health behavior in children and youth is limited and mixed. This makes the development of a system a complex task and strengthens the requirements to account for the specific environment in which the motivational system of a certain age category of the population is formed.