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Оценка социальных эффектов от внедрения системы организационных мероприятий для совершенствования оказания медицинской помощи при онкологических заболеваниях на региональном уровне в субъектах Центрального федерального округа
The urgency of the problem of organizing effective medical care for cancer patients is determined by the steady trend of increasing incidence of malignant neoplasms, the high proportion of this pathology in the structure of overall mortality, as well as significant medical, demographic and socio-economic losses for society.Purpose of the st udy is to conduct an assessment of the social effects of the implementation of a system of organizational measures to improve the provision of medical care for oncological diseases at the regional level in the constituent entities of the Central Federal District through a sociological study of the opinions of patients with oncological diseases.Ma t erials and methods. A sociological survey was conducted on a sample of 397 patients from four constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District (Tula Oblast, Ryazan Oblast, Voronezh Oblast, and Oryol Oblast). Two groups of patients were formed for the sociological survey: a group of patients with oncological diseases who received medical care in the oncology profile before the implementation of the organizational measures system (corresponding to the period of 2019 and earlier); a group of patients with oncological diseases who received medical care in the oncology profile after the implementation of the organizational measures system (corresponding to the period of 2024-2025). Each question or factor of the questionnaire was rated by patients from 1 to 5 points. The questionnaire was a structured instrument for collecting primary data, designed to quantitatively assess the level of satisfaction of patients diagnosed and treated in regional medical organizations. The questionnaire focused on three integral components: accessibility (temporal and territorial), quality of medical services, and the conditions of their provision.Results. The greatest difference in the Tula Region is observed in relation to the assessment of the accessibility of medical care (question 4): the assessment of patients who received medical care after the implementation of the system of organizational measures was 4.96 points compared to the average patient assessment of 3.68 points before the implementation of the system of organizational measures (p=0.0000001). In the Ryazan Region, reliable statistically significant improvements in the opinion of patients are recorded for the following questions: satisfaction with the work of the oncologist (5.00 points in the group of patients who received medical care after the implementation of the system of organizational measures and 4.66 points in the group of patients who received medical care before the implementation of the system of organizational measures; p=0.000946); assessment of the quality of medical care provided (4.98 points in the group of patients who received medical care after the implementation of the system of organizational measures and 4.26 points in the group of patients who received medical care before the implementation of the system of organizational measures; p=0.000001). In the Oryol region, reliable statistically significant improvements according to patients are recorded for the following questions: the average number of days of waiting from the appointment of the attending physician for examination/consultation/treatment/hospitalization until receiving a referral decreased from 8.58 days to 7.42 days according to patients’ assessments (p=0.047); satisfaction with the conditions of stay in a medical organization (4.78 points in the group of patients who received medical care after the implementation of the system of organizational measures and 4.02 points in the group of patients who received medical care before the implementation of the system of organizational measures; p=0.0000001).
Findings. Thus, in the course of this study, using the example of the subjects of the Central Federal District, the high social efficiency of the implemented system of organizational measures for improving the provision of medical care for oncological diseases at the regional level was scientifically proven, which consists in a statistically significant increase in the level of patient satisfaction with the quality, accessibility and conditions of the provided oncological care, which creates the preconditions for replicating the developed system of organizational measures in the subjects of the Russian Federation of other federal districts.