Атомная энергетика в Европейском Союзе в условиях кризиса в отношениях с Российской Федерацией

Вестник Томского государственного университета. Философия. Социология. Политология. 2024. № 78. С. 206–214.

Lisenkova A. D.

This article characterizes the influence of the crisis in relations with the Russian Federation on the state of the nuclear energy sector of the European Union. The author considers the climatic role of low-carbon nuclear power in the energy transition, energy security issues and the level of dependence on Russian supplies and technologies, as well as the problem of anti-Russian nuclear sanctions. Despite the fact that only 12 member states have their own nuclear power plants, the issue of nuclear energy is a rather acute one for the EU with many contradictions among its member states. There are debates both on the justification of the transitional role in general and on the possibility of further co-operation with Russia in particular. For example, Germany has closed its last NPPs, Lithuania insists on anti-Russian sanctions, France intends to expand its nuclear power infrastructure, and Hungary has no plans to give up either supplies or joint projects. At the same time, not all owners of Soviet/Russian VVER reactors share the latter's position. Some of them seek comprehensive diversification. These countries are the most vulnerable, as they depend not only on nuclear power in general, but also on fuel supplies and Russian technologies in particular. This differentiation in views casts doubt on the possibility of a full-fledged nuclear embargo. Moreover, according to Euratom, due to the desire to increase crisis stocks for a number of components and Rosatom's unique ability to work on each stage of the nuclear fuel cycle, in some directions supplies from Russia have only increased.

Keywords: энергетическая безопасность, изменение климата, атомная энергетика, European Union, energy security, climate change, energy transition, nuclear energy, Европейский союз, "энергетический переход"