Спрос и предложение на рынке труда: поиск источников конфликта

Социологический журнал. 2024. Т. 30. № 2. С. 82–101.

Ternikov A., Sheveleva D.

Classical approaches to conflict categorization within the field of social sciences may not be applicable to the labor market context because they are beyond economic theories. To the best of our knowledge, currently, in either national or foreign literature there has been no conceptual systematization of conflicts that occurs during the hiring process. Such a systematization would unite factors of conflicts at the intersection of economic, sociological, and conflict theories. The article suggests a categorization that utilizes the prominent conflict theories and considers potential employment conflicts within the labor market. The proposed categorization groups market participants (supply and demand sides) and sorts conflicts by type (systemic and non-systemic conflicts). Four primary sources of conflict are identified, including market mechanisms and salary expectations (systemic conflicts), company values and human capital (non-systemic conflicts). Systemic factors of conflicts such as supply/demand matching and wage expectations are determined by market mechanisms. These economic factors are determined by objective and predictable processes, but sociological theories of conflict are commonly excluded, which can result in a biased portrayal of macroeconomic processes. In addition, the policy of a particular company and job seeker expectations for a specific vacancy are non-systemic, they depend on such types of factors as company values and human capital. This categorization enables early identification of the conflict source and potential reduction of its destructive effects.

Keywords: рынок труда, человеческий капитал, спрос и предложение, supply and demand, human capital, labor market, factors of conflict, categorization of conflicts, salary expectations of job seekers, employers’ values, конфликтогенные факторы, категоризация конфликтов, зарплатные ожидания соискателей, ценностные установки работодателей