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Классификация ценных бумаг
Научно-образовательный портал «Большая российская энциклопедия», Россия. 2023.
Classification of securities, allocation of types of securities on the grounds that are important for determining their legal regime. Each type of securities has features associated with the rights to the paper and the rights arising from securities, the methods of their implementation, protection, etc.
Keywords: ценные бумагисекьюритизацияsecuritiessecuritizationроссийские ценные бумагигосударственные ценные бумагипредъявительские, ордерные и именные ценные бумагидолговые и долевые ценные бумагиэмиссионные ценные бумагиforeign securitiesвнешние ценные бумагидокументарные ценные бумагибездокументарные ценные бумагикорпоративные ценные бумагиclassification of securitiesdocumentary securitiesnon-documentary securitiesemission securitiesnon-emission securitiesregistered securitiesorder securitiesbearer securitiesdebt securitiesequity securitiespayment securitiestransferable securitiesderivative securitiesgovernment securitiescorporate securitiesRussian securitiesshort-term securitiesmedium-term securitieslong-term securitiesperpetual securitiessecured securitiesunsecured securitiesmortgage-backed securitiesasset-backed securitiesindividuals – investorsnon-qualified investorscommon securitiescomplicated securitiesqualified investorscomplex securitiesdomestic securitiesexternal securitiesклассификация ценных бумагнеэмиссионные ценные бумагидолговые ценные бумагиплатёжные ценные бумагитоварораспорядительные ценные бумагипроизводные ценные бумагииностранные ценные бумагикраткосрочные ценные бумагисреднесрочные ценные бумагидолгосрочные ценные бумагибессрочные ценные бумагиобеспеченные ценные бумагинеобеспеченные ценные бумагиипотечные ценные бумагиоблигации с залогом денежными требованиямифизические лица – инвесторынеквалифицированные инвесторыпростые ценные бумагиусложненные ценные бумагиквалифицированные инвесторысложные ценные бумагивнутренние ценные бумаги
Svetlana Grigorieva, Narmin Isaeva, Aliya Azizova et al., Journal of Corporate Finance Research 2026 Vol. 20 No. 1 P. 75–84
This paper identifies the determinants of green bonds on global markets, China and Russia and evaluates the hedging effect of these instruments. We contribute to the existing literature by (1) studying the emerging markets such as Russia and China, (2) providing comparative analysis of the impact of identical factors on green bond yields on global, ...
Added: August 29, 2026
Kosevich E., Problems of Post-Communism 2026 P. 1–21
Since 2022, the Kremlin has revised its foreign policy priorities. Russia’s traditional Western partners have been designated as “unfriendly countries,” and Moscow has increasingly focused on intensifying rapprochement with states in the Global South, with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), as the US’ closest neighbors, occupying a special place in this strategy. The region ...
Added: August 28, 2026
Финагин М. И., Мирошниченко Д. В., Прикладная эконометрика 2026 Т. 82 С. 105–123
We construct a monthly indicator and produce a nowcast of nominal GDP in Russia using operational
data. The data used are bank statements and the ruble price of Russian oil. This approach
allows for the nowcast of nominal GDP ahead of official statistics by 3–5 months. Nominal GDP
data is published by Rosstat only on a quarterly basis ...
Added: August 28, 2026
Иванов О. С., Вестник экономического правосудия Российской Федерации 2026 № 7 С. 4–11
Using an example from the case law of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, this commentary examines the relationship between reducing the amount claimed and a partial withdrawal of a claim, as well as the place of the legal characterization of claims among the elements of a claim. According to the author, the established ...
Added: August 28, 2026
Simachev Y. V., Ruzhanskaya L., Саблин К. С., ЭКО 2026 № 4 С. 55–82
Energy security concerns, environmental constraints, and competition
with other energy sources—combined with the disruption of established global value
chains—are forcing Russian coal companies to undergo transformation. Based on an
analysis of statistical data and the results of in-depth interviews with experts conducted
from August 2024 to January 2025, this study identifies the main challenges facing
the development of Russia’s coal ...
Added: August 28, 2026
Shchennikova I., Закон 2026 № 8 С. 84–93
Digital twin technology is widely used in various sectors of the economy, modeling subjects and objects based on data about them and the environment surrounding them. In the broadest sense, the goal of a digital twin is to solve a problem including the problem of studying of the modeled subject or object and ensuring its ...
Added: August 28, 2026
Kazun A., Девятников В. Ю., Белов М. Д., Вопросы теоретической экономики 2026 Т. 3 № 32 С. 115–135
Как понять, хорош адвокат или нет? В данной статье мы описываем методологию, позволяющую измерять качество юридической помощи через разницу между тем, что предсказывает модель машинного обучения по объективным характеристикам дела, и тем, чем дело закончилось в реальности. Мы исходим из предпосылки, что если у адвоката дела стабильно заканчиваются лучше ожидаемого, то он делает свою работу хорошо. ...
Added: August 28, 2026
Лескина Э. И., Журнал российского права 2026 Т. 30 № 8 С. 137–154
The transition to a data economy has allowed us to take a fresh look at such an asset as data, which is called a new fuel, a new asset, a new currency. Data is valuable, and its value can be expressed in monetary terms. This affects the data economy, digital sovereignty, and the distribution of ...
Added: August 27, 2026
Melnik D. V., Вопросы теоретической экономики 2026 № 3 С. 65–82
Luigi Einaudi (1874–1961) was a prominent economist who made theoretical contributions to the Italian school of public finance, an influential professor, a brilliant publicist, and an outstanding statesman who served as president of the nation from 1948 to 1955, and whose activities laid the foundations for the institution of the presidency of the Italian Republic. ...
Added: August 27, 2026
Lysenok N., Финансовый журнал 2026 Т. 18 № 4 С. 45–63
The article discusses the application of clustering methods to form an optimal investment portfolio
that allows the investor to achieve an effective risk-reward ratio. Three popular clustering methods,
K-Means, MeanShift, and DBSCAN, are examined. The article focuses on the DBSCAN clustering method
and highlights its advantages over other clustering methods in the context of financial data analysis.
DBSCAN is ...
Added: August 27, 2026
Panova A., Ostrovnaya M., Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization 2026 Vol. 34 No. 2 P. 199–226
Local authorities can crucially affect the economic performance of public organizations. Using data on the Moscow region, we analyze the unique case of a huge, socio-economically homogeneous region with differing political environments. We examine how the political characteristics of local authorities influence state schools’ decisions on whether to outsource non-core activities, in this case food ...
Added: August 27, 2026
Шарко О. В., Шарко Е.Р., Маркетинг в России и за рубежом 2026 Т. 2 № 172 С. 71–79
The paper analyses scholarly understanding of consumer behaviour in e-commerce by synthesizing recent advances in digital marketing, the dynamics of online retail platforms, and empirical models of customer interaction. The research outcomes include a detailed comprehension of the mechanisms underlying customer loyalty, empirical data on the multidimensional factors influencing platform preferences, and methodological innovations applicable ...
Added: August 26, 2026
Batusova E. S., Shershneva-Tcitulskaya I., Институт государства и права РАН, 2026.
Монография посвящена разработке и исследованию актуальной и перспективных моделей регулирования трудовых, социально-обеспечительных и социально-защитных отношений в условиях гибридных правовых режимов. В четырех главах авторы обсуждают дискуссионные междисциплинарные вопросы формирования доктринальной модели гибридных правовых режимов, используя компаративистский и сравнительно-исторический подходы, исследуют проблемы обеспечения занятости, защиты трудовых прав и обеспечения производительного труда, а также свойственные им особенности ...
Added: August 26, 2026
Medushevsky A. N., Liberal.ru 2026
The Liberal Mission Foundation continues to introduce readers to new concepts of democracy and relevant publications. This discussion focuses on the challenges facing democracy in the era of globalization, as addressed in two recent books: *The Backsliders: Why Leaders Undermine Their Own Democracies* by S.C. Stokes (2025) and *Critical Theories and the Postsocialist Challenge: Race, ...
Added: August 26, 2026
Medushevsky A. N., Liberal.ru 2026
Today, more than ever before, the contribution of new technologies shapes the conditions of humanity's existence as a biological species, prompting a debate about its prospects for survival. This process of transformation—which spans every sphere of social and moral regulation, from family relations and child-rearing to the very meaning of life—is dividing public opinion between ...
Added: August 26, 2026
Keldina L., Ивашечкина Л. Г., Жаринов В. В. et al., М.: КноРус, 2023.
Материал излагается с учетом современных тенденций в организации и ведении бухгалтерского учета экономическими субъектами Российской Федерации. В каждом разделе содержится теоретический и практический материал, нормативная база, рисунки, схемы и
таблицы. Теоретический материал представлен как в традиционном виде, так и в виде схем. Каждый раздел завершается контрольными вопросами, тестами и заданиями для самоконтроля. Приложения содержат иллюстративный материал: ...
Added: August 26, 2026
Medushevsky A. N., Сравнительное конституционное обозрение 2026 Т. 35 № 2 (167) С. 4–29
In the context of the rapid changes in the modern world associated with globalization, informatiza tion, and the revision of ethical standards of mass behavior, legal theory faces a number of problems — the loss of consensus in understanding global constitutionalism, growing disagreements regard ing its values and principles, and unclear prospects for the future. ...
Added: August 26, 2026
Medushevsky A. N., Сравнительное конституционное обозрение 2026 Т. 35 № 1 С. 53–77
Judges should be independent of politics, yet they are constantly ensnared by it. Politics haunts judges even where the full scope of constitutional guarantees for the separation of powers and an in dependent judiciary is in place, infiltrating the courtroom through variable interpretations of the val ues, principles, and norms of the constitution, the selection ...
Added: August 26, 2026
Medushevsky A. N., Вопросы теоретической экономики 2026 № 2 С. 146–164
It is generally accepted that the basis of social and legal stability in any society is a consensus on vir tue — the fundamental values of proper behavior, ways of maintaining and reproducing them. And, conversely, the destruction of this consensus is a sign of the loss of stability and divergence of positions of social ...
Added: August 26, 2026
Klementiev A., Московский журнал международного права 2026 № 2 С. 190–202
INTRODUCTION. Concepts such as “harmonization” and “unification” are currently widely used in the legal field as methods for harmonizing legal regulation. Unlike domestic harmonization and unification, international legal convergence aims to eliminate contradictions in the laws of different states. The implementation of transnational harmonization and unification projects has been greatly facilitated by the activities of international ...
Added: July 30, 2026
Vagin S., Муниципалитет: экономика и управление 2026 № 2 С. 28–42
Introduction. This study summarizes theoretical material characterizing the role of exchanges in regional capital formation, identifies key problems, and proposes development directions. Stock exchanges act as arteries through which capital continuously circulates between various economic sectors and countries, creating an environment for the efficient allocation of financial resources.
In this article, we examined the structure of ...
Added: July 29, 2026
Makarov I. A., Chistikova A., , in: Climate Change, National Security and Geopolitics: Strategies and Responses of Five Major Powers.: NY: Routledge, 2026. Ch. 5 P. 82–102.
This chapter describes climate security discourse and practices developing in Russia for the last decade. It reveals that, while Russia faces severe physical risks from climate change, climate change is scarcely perceived as an existential threat among key decision-makers and the population. The country’s climate policies are more focused on adaptation, while its mitigation policy ...
Added: May 25, 2026
Goryushina E., Осмаев А. Д., Электронный научно-образовательный журнал "История" 2026
Статья предлагает критический анализ формирования и эволюции метанарратива о «воинственной Чечне» как устойчивой рамки российской политики памяти и имперского воображения в долгой исторической перспективе (longue durée). На материале административно-военного письма Российской империи, литературного канона XIX века, советских нормативных актов и репрезентаций (включая депортацию 1944 года и реабилитацию 1957 года), а также постсоветской государственной риторики и ...
Added: March 24, 2026
Рябов О. В., Рябова Т. Б., Вестник Пермского университета. Серия: Политология 2024 № 4 С. 173–183
The article is the first to address the discourse of age as a resource for constructing the image of the enemy. It is based on the Russian government's official statements, politicians' comments and the country's leading media sources, as well the authors' sociological research. The first part of the paper examines approaches to the analysis ...
Added: January 27, 2026