Article
Причины существования нищенства в России на рубеже ХIХ-ХХ веков: историко-правовой аспект
The following reasons of beggary in Russian State at the turn of the ХIХ-ХХth centuries are shown: they are the external, internal and social ones. The social reasons have the juridical grounds for beggary. They are the poor legal protection of inhabitants and the imperfection of some legislative regulations including the sphere of state charity.
This book provides a critical account of the third sector and its future in Europe. It offers an original conceptualization of the third sector in its European manifestations alongside an overview of its major contours, including its structure, sources of support, and recent trends. It also assesses the impact of this sector in Europe which considers its contributions to European economic development, citizen well-being and human development.
The Third Sector As A Renewable Resource for Europe presents the findings of the Third Sector Impact (TSI) project funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7). It recognises that in a time of social and economic distress, as well as enormous pressures on governmental budgets, the third sector and volunteering represent a unique ‘renewable resource’ for social and economic problem-solving and civic engagement in Europe.
The main focus of this paper is the rights of children in post-communist Russia. With this in view I give a brief overview of child's rights under the communist regime and after the Soviet Union breakdown. Further, I will examine in more detail the current situation with children's rihgts and, particularly, the child's right to protection. Tp make it more illustrative, after giving a legal framework, I will address the most acute and pressing problems in the field.
This book represents the 8th volume of results obtained from the monitoring of the status of civil society in Russia that is conducted by the Centre for Studies of Civil Society and the Nonprofit Sector (the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”) in conjunction with the leading sociological centres of Russia. The empirical base of this publication is formed from the data of All-Russian survey of population aged 18 years and older, that was based on representative sample and carried out in 83 regions of Russia in 2259 localities within the framework of expert services on the strategy of socio-economic development of Russia till 2020. The data provided characterizes engagement of Russians in volunteering, charitable donations and other social and political practices. The data describes determinants of Russians connected with responsibility for actions taken in their neighborhoods and localities and the country at large and their sense of the opportunity to exert their influence over it. This book will be of use to social and political scientists, economists, teachers and students of the social sciences and anyone, interested in the development of civil society in Russia.
Article is devoted to Old Belief history in the years of World War I. It is analyzed first of all features of the broadest charity of Old Believers in 1914-1917.
В статье рассматривается взаимное влияние доверия и вовлеченности населения в социальные практики гражданского общества на примере добровольческого тру- да и денежных пожертвований. Эти социальные практики отличаются наиболь- шей социальной значимостью, массовостью, постоянством и составляют устой- чивое ядро жизнедеятельности гражданского общества. Доверие и недоверие выполняют специфические функции по отношению к со- циальным практикам гражданского общества. Доверие выступает основой само- организации, совместной деятельности людей, служит поддержанию моральных основ и социальных норм; обеспечивает социальную интеграцию, определенный уровень коммуникации индивидов и их общностей. Существующий уровень до- верия в определенной ситуации формирует перцептивную установку на ее вос- приятие. Недоверие защищает от нежелательных последствий взаимодействия, вызывает дистанцирование и, как результат, не достаточный уровень вовлечен- ности населения в повседневные практики гражданского общества. Таким образом, отсутствие оптимального баланса доверия и недоверия будет затруднять вовлечение населения в социальные практики гражданского общест- ва, что является препятствием для становления их как массовых и распростра- ненных. Оно способствует появлению спорадических и недостаточно освоенных социальных практик, что будет затруднять становление самого гражданского об- щества как одного из базовых институтов российского общества.
In the article is presented the analysis of university endowments organization, highlighting the main parts of the organization and theories of the functioning (flows) on the basis of a systematic approach of strategic management developed by Henry Mintzberg. Endowment fund activities are structured by synchronizing activities of the three organizations: the university, the endowment fund and the investment company.
In the article is given the analysis of law and practices of endowment funds in Russia. The author investigated the historical experience of donations to universities in Russia. A comparative analysis of the funds in Russia and the United States is done. Tasks for the development of an endowment in Russia are proposed.
Several approaches to the concept of fatherhood present in Western sociological tradition are analyzed and compared: biological determinism, social constructivism and biosocial theory. The problematics of fatherhood and men’s parental practices is marginalized in modern Russian social research devoted to family and this fact makes the traditional inequality in family relations, when the father’s role is considered secondary compared to that of mother, even stronger. However, in Western critical men’s studies several stages can be outlined: the development of “sex roles” paradigm (biological determinism), the emergence of the hegemonic masculinity concept, inter-disciplinary stage (biosocial theory). According to the approach of biological determinism, the role of a father is that of the patriarch, he continues the family line and serves as a model for his ascendants. Social constructivism looks into man’s functions in the family from the point of view of masculine pressure and establishing hegemony over a woman and children. Biosocial theory aims to unite the biological determinacy of fatherhood with social, cultural and personal context. It is shown that these approaches are directly connected with the level of the society development, marriage and family perceptions, the level of egality of gender order.