Формирование адаптивных типов как микроэволюционный процесс

Вестник Московского университета. Серия 23: Антропология. 2021. № 3. С. 72–82.

Kozlov A.

Introduction. The accumulation of data from classical and molecular genetics made it possible to improve our understanding of the specificity of adaptive types, the definition of which was previously based on morpho-physiological complexes. Besides, the genetic approach makes is possible to reveal the evolutionary role of adaptive types. The study aimed to consider the formation of adaptive types as an evolutionary phenomenon going on at an intraspecific level.

Materials and methods. The study populations have been grouped into two clusters. The first constituted the ethnic groups that are anthropologically affine but differ in adaptive types and husband-ry practices. The second included the anthropologically unrelated ethnic groups having similar environment economy systems and adaptive types. We analyzed the genotype and allele frequencies of the metabolism-associated APOE, LCT, TREH, UCP1 genes, and Fok1 and BsmI polymorphisms of VDR gene. A total of 749 samples in the study represents the ethnic groups of Komi-Permyaks (n=181), Komi (n=235), Komi-Izhems (n=200), Shores (n=133).

Results. A resemblance in the morphological and physiological complexes that have convergently de-veloped in the course of environmental adaptations have been shown to reflect similarities in the gene features of anthropologically unrelated populations. In contrast, in the historically related groups that have utilized different biotopes and types of husbandry, there are growing divergence in the frequencies of metabolism-associated genotypes and alleles. These findings imply that ecological adaptations of modern human popula-tions drive the minor changes in allele frequencies, which have occurred over a few generations.

Conclusion. The apparent morpho-physiological and population-genetic specificity of the adaptive types allows us to regard the process of their formation as microevolution.

Keywords: адаптация, гены, environment, adaptation, nutrition, среда обитания, питание, metabolism, Komi, шорцы, коми, метаболизм, gene, human biology, Shores, биологическая антропология

Publication based on the results of: Social inclusion after pandemic of COVID-19: organizational and microsocial contexts (2021)