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Влияние легкости наименования пространственных признаков на научение новым правилам категоризации
Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2020. Т. 17. № 1. С. 145–155.
Kotov A. A., Жердева М. П.
What is the relationship between the vocabulary of a person and the process of cognition? A lot of studies show that the nameability of labeling objects accelerates the category learning. We hypothesized that the presence of labels of the object’s features locations also helps learning new category rules. In the experiment the subjects learned to distinguish two fictitious illnesses with the images of symptoms, located in various places. We varied the location of the symptoms on a silhouette of a foot. In the condition of a high nameability of a location, the images of symptoms were located on those parts of foot, for which common labels exist (for example, a heel or a sole). In the condition of a low nameability, the images of symptoms were located on those parts of foot, for which the labels are rarely used (Achilles or an arch). The formation of the rule demanded finding a link between the location of the symptom and its image. According to the hypothesis, the location of category features in places, which have more convenient labels, will improve the success of learning the category rule, as opposed to location of the same features in places that do not have convenient labels. As a result, we’ve found that this hypothesis was confirmed: the subjects formed a rule in the condition of high nameability more successfully, than in the condition of low nameability. We explain this result with the following: the presence of convenient labels allows testing hypotheses while learning new categories more easily – matching the features with the feedback while determining the category rules. The results are discussed in the context of development in ontogenesis the ability to form categories.
Publication based on the results of:
Vorchik A., Вопросы экономики 2026
This work is devoted to a theoretical explanation of the Easterlin paradox, according to which long-term economic growth does not make average level of people's happiness increasing. By happiness, we mean the intensity of emotions people experience while comparing their new income with its expected value, or the target income with its original value. In the first case, ...
Added: May 28, 2026
Давидович А. С., Shestakova A., Arzumanyan N. et al., Frontiers in Psychology 2026 Vol. 17 - 2026 P. 1–18
Background:
Delay discounting refers to the tendency to choose sooner, smaller rewards over larger, later rewards. Many previous studies link this tendency positively to reward sensitivity, yet the specific mechanisms behind this association remain poorly understood. Reward sensitivity may relate to delay discounting through at least three possible pathways: increased sensitivity to reward size, increased sensitivity ...
Added: May 27, 2026
Kolachev N., Kovaleva G., Behavior Genetics 2026
Functional literacy—the ability to apply reading, mathematical, and scientific knowledge in authentic contexts as operationalized by the PISA framework—is a key predictor of educational attainment, labour-market outcomes, and economic growth. Despite extensive behavioral-genetic research on cognitive ability, the heritability of competency-based literacy measures remains largely unexamined, particularly outside Western populations. The present study addresses this ...
Added: May 26, 2026
Dorri Sedeh S., Kosonogov V., Kerimova N. et al., Frontiers in Psychology 2026 Vol. 17 Article 1710257
Introduction:
As cities continue to grow, access to natural environments is becoming more limited, contributing to increased stress levels in urban populations. Panoramic 360° videos provide a creative and scalable means of simulating natural environments, potentially reducing stress in city residents under controlled settings. Here, we examined whether short immersive experiences in different urban environments support ...
Added: May 25, 2026
Kochetkova Ekaterina, Kostanian D., Martynova O. et al., Brain Topography 2026 Vol. 39 No. 4 Article 51
Letter recognition is assumed to involve several levels of analysis, including coarse tuning for category and novelty and more fine tuning for specific features, related to letter orientation. We employed an oddball fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) paradigm with magnetoencephalography (Elekta VectorView, 306 sensors) to study neural discrimination responses in the source space. Using contrasts ...
Added: May 24, 2026
Zaikin A., Sviridov I., Sosedka A. et al., Technologies 2026 Vol. 14 No. 2 Article 84
High-dimensional tabular data are common in biomedical and clinical research, yet conventional machine learning methods often struggle in such settings due to data scarcity, feature redundancy, and limited generalization. In this study, we systematically evaluate Synolitic Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs), a framework that transforms high-dimensional samples into sample-specific graphs by training ensembles of low-dimensional pairwise ...
Added: May 23, 2026
Kadieva D., Blagoveshchensky E., Agranovich O. et al., Frontiers in Psychology 2026 Vol. 17 Article 1832623
Embodied and embedded cognition (EEC) theory proposes that language and cognitive development emerge from bodily interactions with the environment, yet empirical tests of this claim in clinical developmental populations remain rare. This mini-review synthesizes behavioral, electrophysiological, and structural neuroimaging evidence from children with serious early motor disorders—obstetric brachial plexus palsy and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita—which restrict ...
Added: May 20, 2026
Кияненко И. К., Клиническая и специальная психология 2026 Т. 15 № 1 С. 7–19
Context and relevance. The problem of the impact of urban stress factors on mental health is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of urbanization. Living in cities is accompanied by increased psychophysiological stress, which leads to an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders among urban residents. Objective. The purpose of the article is to ...
Added: May 19, 2026
Alenina E., Kristina Terenteva, Kosonogov V., Behavioral Sciences 2026 Vol. 16 No. 5 Article 806
Anxiety is a multidimensional construct that influences cognitive performance in complex ways, yet its factor structure and domain-specific effects remain unclear. This study examined (1) the psychometric structure of general and specific anxiety measures, (2) their associations with cognitive performance across different domains, and (3) the predictive power of machine learning models in classifying cognitive ...
Added: May 18, 2026
Андреева О. С., Росмэн-Пресс, 2026.
«Деньги. Энциклопедия российского школьника» кратко и емко расскажет:
· Чем в древности платили за товары
· Как выглядели первые деньги, из чего их делали и где хранили
· Как найти клад и можно ли выиграть в лотерею
· Как работает банк
· Как дети и подростки могут зарабатывать и распоряжаться личным бюджетом
· И еще сотни интересных научно-обоснованных фактов
Книга поможет мальчикам ...
Added: May 18, 2026
Андреева О. С., Просвещение, 2024.
В книге собраны рекомендации и практические советы приёмным родителям, с помощью которых можно сформировать у детей правильное отношение к денежным средствам, рассказывается, какими словами объяснять понятные взрослым истины относительно личных и семейных финансов ребёнку любого возраста. Одной из задач книги стала необходимость объяснения этого феномена — потребительского отношения приёмных детей к труду замещающих родителей, к ...
Added: May 18, 2026
Bobrova A., Poddiakov A., Aksiotis V., Вопросы психологии 2025 Т. 71 № 4 С. 96–106
In psychology, people's assessment of conditional statements "if--then", agreement and disagreement with them is actively studied. This assessment of people who are not specialists in the field of logic often differs greatly from its requirements, especially if the reality observed by a person to one degree or another contradicts a formally correct logical conclusion. In ...
Added: May 17, 2026
Kolachev N., Kovaleva G., Educational Research and Evaluation 2026 P. 1–24
This study investigates the psychometric structure and school-level associations between cognitive abilities of teachers and students. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, we administered a PISA-based cognitive assessment tool measuring reading, mathematics, science literacy, and global competence to 5,391 eighth-grade students and 2,385 teachers from 84 schools in a Russian region. Bifactor modeling, measurement invariance testing, ...
Added: May 15, 2026
Tikhonova N. E., Социологическая наука и социальная практика 2026 Т. 14 № 1 С. 81–107
Taking into account the relevance of the problem of euthanasia in the context of the
increase in severe cancer and genetic diseases, the article shows, based on the data of the Monitoring of the IS FCTAS RAS 2024 (N = 2000) and the World Values Survey (2006 and
2017–2022), that in their attitude towards euthanasia, Russians are divided ...
Added: May 13, 2026
Balashov D., Человек 2026 Т. 37 № 2 С. 135–150
One of the most discussed approaches to understanding morality in science and philosophy in recent years has been the social intuitionist model of morality by the American psychologist Jonathan Haidt. The author has created a complex concept consisting of several large parts logically connected to each other, each of which deserves special attention. The first ...
Added: May 13, 2026
Распределение внимания в ходе категориального научения детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра
Luzhnova K., Котова Т. Н., Kotov A. A., Клиническая и специальная психология 2026 Т. 15 № 1 С. 51–63
Context and relevance. Category learning plays a key role in cognitive development from infancy. In the process of category learning, adults tend to use selective attention, focusing on the main features of objects, while children use distributed attention, analyzing multiple features simultaneously. The use of selective attention can lead to learning difficulties in new conditions, where ...
Added: April 27, 2026
Strizhkova D., / Институт русской литературы (Пушкинский Дом) РАН. Серия B001 "Репозиторий открытых данных по русской литературе и фольклору". 2026.
В базе данных представлена роспись русскоязычных литературных произведений и отрывков, напечатанных в учебниках по словесности, хрестоматиях, книгах для чтения, сборниках стихотворений и рассказов, выходивших во Франции, Германии, Латвии, Эстонии, Болгарии, Сербии в период первой волны русской эмиграции с 1918 по 1939 гг. Датасет представляет интерес для исследователей школьного литературного канона, эмиграции и детского чтения ...
Added: April 22, 2026
Жигунов А. Ю., / Basic Research Programme. Серия HUM "Humanities". 2026. № 1.
The article attempts to describe the features of the educational potential of Russian animation programmes in aspect of the representation of traditional spiritual and moral values. Based on media and semiotic analysis, the method of cultural and historical interpretation, animated Russian projects created from 2000 to the 2025, which were translated on television channels or streaming ...
Added: April 19, 2026
Haider Z., Kotov A. A., Matyushkina V. I., , in: Когнитивная наука в Москве: новые исследования. Материалы конференции 25 – 26 июня 2025.: М.: Буки Веди, 2025. P. 31–36.
Added: December 1, 2025
Малахов В. С., Симон М. Е., Летняков Д. Э. et al., / SSRN. Серия Social Science Research Network "Social Science Research Network". 2020.
The notion of “political accommodation” applied to the theory and practice of managing cultural diversity could enrich the Russian academic dictionary. Liberal democratic states invented specific mechanisms for political accommodation of cultural differences. Thanks to these mechanisms, the part of the population of a democratic state that is not ready to dissolve into the ethnocultural ...
Added: September 26, 2025
Luzhnova K., Kotov A. A., В кн.: Психология творчества: традиции, инновации, перспективы. Материалы Международной научной конференции, посвященной 105-летию со дня рождения Я. А. Пономарёва.: М.: Институт психологии РАН, 2025. С. 330–334.
When learning new categories, different modes of attention distribution are involved: adults and children over the age of nine rely on selective attention, focusing on a limited number of relevant features, whereas younger children rely on distributed attention. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate distinct attention patterns. The study involved 39 participants: neurotypical children, ...
Added: September 24, 2025
Melville A. Y., Каберник В. В., Mironyuk M. et al., / МГИМО МИД России. 2024.
Данный аналитический доклад является одним из результатов исследований в рамках консорциума НИУ ВШЭ и МГИМО. В нем прежде всего раскрыты вопросы концептуализации национальной мощи и сопутствующих категорий и дается обзор прецедентов. Далее рассматриваются вопросы операционализации предлагаемых нами компонентов национальной мощи. В следующих разделах доклада предлагается анализ вопросов методологии, используемой в докладе. На этой основе предложен ...
Added: September 19, 2025
Зверева Е. Ю., Матушкина В., Kotov A. A., Психологические исследования: электронный научный журнал 2025 Т. 18 № 99 Статья 2
Явление, при котором люди продолжают игнорировать информацию, ранее определенную как нерелевантная, но ставшую значимой, называется эффектом выученного невнимания. Традиционно этот эффект в категориальном научении рассматривается как следствие работы селективного внимания. В данном исследовании мы измерили выраженность этого эффекта на вербальном материале с семантической связью между признаками категорий, в то время как в предыдущих работах этот ...
Added: August 18, 2025
Ляшенко А. К., Бачурина В. А., Tuzhilina Y. et al., Психологические исследования: электронный научный журнал 2025 Т. 18 № 101 Статья 5
This study examines the relationship between individual differences in categorical learning and two cognitive factors – mental attention capacity and verbal flexibility – in primary school students (grades 1–3, N = 60). Age-related differences were observed across all measures: older children demonstrated higher categorical learning performance, greater attention capacity, and increased verbal flexibility. However, when ...
Added: August 17, 2025