День новых цен. Кризис снабжения и российское общество на рубеже 1980–1990-х гг.

Российская история. 2019. № 2. С. 52–70.

Khlevniuk O. V.

The supply crisis in the USSR and Russia in the late 1980s and early 1990s was the result of the Soviet planned economy’s development as a whole and the failure of M.S. Gorbachev's economic reforms in particular. For several years before the liberalization of prices in January 1992, the Soviet population had various options for grappling with supply deficits. People could turn to the rationing system and count on repression of speculators. At the same time, there were limited economic reforms toward a market economy. The failure of both government controls and reform had a huge impact on popular attitudes about the economy. The discrediting of the planned economy among Soviet people was an important factor in the transition to a market system. This article, based on published and archival materials, asks several questions about how these attitudes formed. How did the supply crisis emerge and in what areas? How did authorities and the population react to supply deficits? How did supply problems contribute to the transition of Russia to a market economy? And how did Russian people respond to the liberalization of prices in early 1992?

Keywords: потребление, СССР, Россия, Russia, consumption, USSR, либерализация цен, массовые настроения, late 1980s and early 1990s, supply crisis, liberalization of prices, popular attitudes, конец 1980-х - начало 1990-х, кризис снабжения

Publication based on the results of: Социальная история России (1990-е годы) (2017)