Article
Масштабы, структура и цели экспорта российского высшего образования
According to many researchers one of the main challenges in higher education is the growing competition in the global education market. This article analyses the export of Russia’s higher education from the standpoint of two theoretical approaches: the neoliberal one, in which the university attracts foreign students in order to make a profit, and the political economy approach, according to which the state competes with other states and gains political influence through education. By drawing on statistical and sociological survey data, the article shows that currently the export of Russian higher education is primarily pushed by the universities themselves with the purpose of making additional profits. The state provides a limited number of scholarships for foreign students that serve to improve political loyalty with the countries that form part of the CIS. Nevertheless, as the example of one of the leading Russian universities suggests, the active promotion of educational products abroad can push the attractiveness of Russian higher education in countries both within and beyond the CIS.
On peut aujourd’hui rencontrer un nombre assez important d’Africains qui ont terminé des études supérieures européennes et qui doivent faire un choix : retourner dans leur patrie ou rester en Europe (ou partir en Amérique, au Canada, en Australie). Pour la plupart d’entre eux, le choix est néanmoins évident : ils restent. Ayant passé plusieurs années dans un pays européen, ils n’accepteront plus pour eux-mêmes les conditions qui existent chez eux sur le Continent, tant en ce qui concerne la politique, l’économie, que la vie quotidienne. Pourquoi leurs parents, qui étaient étudiants eux aussi dans des établissements d’enseignement supérieur européens au milieu du XXe siècle, firent-ils tout leur possible pour retourner en Afrique, alors que ceux de la génération actuelle affirment que, pour eux et pour leurs enfants, la seule possibilité est de rester vivre dans la société européenne ? Qu’est-ce qui pousse aujourd’hui les jeunes gens originaires des pays africains à refuser de marcher dans les pas de leurs parents, à refuser d’accepter les règles de la société de leur pays d’origine, et refuser, au fond, de repartir de zéro, plutôt que de rester en Europe ? Et qu’est-ce qui est déterminant dans ce choix : les années de formation dans un autre pays, qui leur permettent de voir autrement le monde, un monde qui ne ressemble pas à celui dans lequel ils sont nés, ou est-ce la situation politique et économique des Etats africains, qui explique pourquoi les jeunes gens éduqués ne souhaitent pas revenir ?
Russian universities are increasingly competing for additional funding. This paper proposes a rating of scientific and practical effectivity of Russian universities, based on the account of the funding obtained through the research and development; assess the sustainability of built rating. Identified universities ranking leaders and disclosed "technological" model their success, discussed their policy of diversification of funding sources. There are typical examples of a new trend higher education market - "technologization" leading social and humanitarian universities.
In this paper, we analyse the strategies and stratification of Russian universities in the Northwestern region. By enriching traditional social network analysis scientometric tools, we developed web presence indicators focused on the contexts in which universities are linked with businesses and are mentioned in media. We treat resulting groups in terms of Gouldner’s cosmopolitans versus locals theory, based on differences in their publication strategies, and embeddedness in business connections and media contexts.
Several approaches to the concept of fatherhood present in Western sociological tradition are analyzed and compared: biological determinism, social constructivism and biosocial theory. The problematics of fatherhood and men’s parental practices is marginalized in modern Russian social research devoted to family and this fact makes the traditional inequality in family relations, when the father’s role is considered secondary compared to that of mother, even stronger. However, in Western critical men’s studies several stages can be outlined: the development of “sex roles” paradigm (biological determinism), the emergence of the hegemonic masculinity concept, inter-disciplinary stage (biosocial theory). According to the approach of biological determinism, the role of a father is that of the patriarch, he continues the family line and serves as a model for his ascendants. Social constructivism looks into man’s functions in the family from the point of view of masculine pressure and establishing hegemony over a woman and children. Biosocial theory aims to unite the biological determinacy of fatherhood with social, cultural and personal context. It is shown that these approaches are directly connected with the level of the society development, marriage and family perceptions, the level of egality of gender order.
This article is talking about state management and cultural policy, their nature and content in term of the new tendency - development of postindustrial society. It mentioned here, that at the moment cultural policy is the base of regional political activity and that regions can get strong competitive advantage if they are able to implement cultural policy successfully. All these trends can produce elements of new economic development.