The complex and seemingly inconsistent use of the social vocabulary has been on the research agenda of those who study the Russian Empire for quite some time. Historians have long believed that the indiscriminate use of such terms as “estate” (“soslovie”) and “corporation” reflected Russian backwardness and eventually impeded further social and economic development, especially when it came to professional groups. The paper examines this assumption by focusing on the terminology deployed for the designation of Russian lawyers, in comparison to their French counterparts. Therefore, it dwells at length on the references to the French Bar in the bureaucratic discussion and in current press at the time of drafting the basic principles of the future Bar organization in Russia between 1857 and 1864. The comparison of the two sets of references provided plenty of evidence that the French notion of the estate (l'ordre des avocats) had a dramatic impact on the interpretation of Russian soslovie of legal practitioners. The French model seemed to spur social imagination and eventually helped Russian political and intellectual elites envisage a new type of social organization encompassing free, well-educated and politically engaged men.
Added: Oct 22, 2015
Selin A. A.,
Kukushkin K.,
Sablin I. et al. Humanities. HUM. Basic Research Programme, 2017. No. 149.
The working paper analysed the infrastructure of the Russian-Swedish border from a transcultural perspective. The history of the border was split into three periods following major changes in political border regimes. The first period covered the history of the border between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic after its formal delimitation in 1323. The annexation of the Novgorod Lands to the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1478 marked the beginning of the second period. The third period, which is discussed in detail, covered the history of border infrastructure between the transition of large part of the Novgorod Lands to Sweden in 1617 and 1700. Departing from the debate whether the border was a line or a zone and overcoming state-centred approaches, the working paper demonstrated that the existence of several parallel border regimes during different periods enabled the simultaneous existence of the border as a line and a zone pertaining to different social interactions and subject to manipulation by authorities. The consolidation of the border did not follow the Treaty of Stolbovo (1617), but owed to local demands and an accidental event of an epidemic in 1629–1630. Following the temporary consolidation of the border, the state established firm border control used for duty collection.
Added: May 12, 2017
Фабрикант М. С. В кн.: Изобретение века. Проблемы и модели времени в России и Европе XIX столетия. М.: Новое литературное обозрение, 2013.
С. 189-208.
Added: Nov 13, 2013
The history of domestic violence, let alone domestic homicide, in Russia has yet to be written. This article focuses on the legal attitudes to domestic and especially marital homicide in early modern Russia and explores types of and methods used in spousal killings. The research is based on court records in addition to laws, legal documents and other sources. Its preliminary conclusions include assumptions about scale of domestic violence, gender of perpetrators and victims, main trends in domestic homicide and their connections with available explanatory frameworks. The study reveals that Russian households were violent places accounting for different types of assaults and homicides, but in all these acts women died more frequently than men. Marital homicide occurred in all social groups in Russia. Motives and methods for marital homicides were consistent with gendered theories of power relations. Penal policies also reveal harsher treatment of women than men, pointing to the gendered definitions of power disciplining methods.
Added: Feb 27, 2014
Lavrinovich M. Basic research program. WP BRP. National research university Higher School of economics, 2016. No. 133/HUM/2016.
The paper examines social differences within the concept of ‘friendship’ in late 18th – early 19th century Russia in order to ‘reassemble’ friendship as a social phenomenon in this period. Ubiquitously, the voluminous correspondence of the Russian aristocracy is interpreted as “friendly” disregarding any social dimension and ignoring the social station of the correspondents. The 18th century was a critical period in Russia being an age of radical modernization. New social and cultural models were appropriated and, as a result of westernization, the Latin tradition was assimilated too. In early modern Europe, the concept of ‘friendship’ was applied to allegedly equal relationships, as the words cliens, patronus, clientela were not in use any more, but clients were described as amici, or friends by their patrons. The paper analyzes the correspondence of several Russian aristocrats with their clients – social inferiors. The grandees refer to these relations as ‘friendly’ and call them friendship or amitié (bien sincere or parfait) emphasizing their value for them. From the letters of their correspondents, it comes to light that the social inferiors tended to be wary and not to use these notions assessing their relationships, thus remaining in the conceptual framework of the patron-client relationships. Under the impact of the ‘emotional turn’ of early sentimentalism, the concept of friendship, like that of social cohesion, was used by the grandees as a means to reinterpret the relationships of dominance in the patron-client relations as voluntary and predicated on selfless devotion whereas their clients preferred to avoid sensitivity still resorting to more traditional and apprehensible flattery and obsequiousness.
Added: Oct 21, 2016
Галай Ю. Г. Право и государство: теория и практика. 2011. № 12.
С. 77-81.
Opinions of professors and chairmen of chambers of appeals on the quality of teaching in universities' law schools in imperial Russia in the late 19th - early 20th century are discussed.
Added: Sep 23, 2012
Transcript Verlag, 2017.
This collection of essays explores the continuities and disruptions in the perceptions of criminality, its causes and ways of fighting it in late imperial Russia and the early Soviet Union. It focuses on both the discourse on criminality and thus the conceptualisation of criminality in various disciplines (criminology, psychiatry, and literature), and penal practice, that is, different aspects of criminal law and anti-crime policy. Thus, the volume is markedly interdisciplinary, with authors representing a variety of approaches in history and literary studies, from social history to discourse analysis, from the history of sciences to text analysis.
Added: Nov 26, 2017
Muravyeva M. G. In bk.: Oxford European Legal History Handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Ch. 37.
P. 854-875.
The chapter gives an overview of the development of early modern Russian law. During this period, Russian law was undergoing a definite modernization which intensified in the seventeenth and, particularly, in the eighteenth century. The law became more rational, predictable and efficient. Russia actively engaged in codification and systematization of law, and that led to the more regular application of procedure and better lawyering. Russian law quickly adapted to the social, economic and political challenges, as it was under constant revision. Legal rules became more uniform and unvarying in their application. The Russian legal system grew to be hierarchical and bureaucratic, staffed by professionals via either practice or education. Due to these changes, the legal reforms of the nineteenth century allowed the Russian Empire to become a Rechtsstaat, although it was widely criticized and often even denied by contemporaries and scholars.
Added: Nov 29, 2018
Borisova T. Y. In bk.: From the Judge's Arbitrium to the Legality Principle: Legislation as a Source of Law in Criminal Trial. Iss. 31. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2013.
P. 295-315.
The article describes and analizes the issue of access to all potential legal sources in late imperial Russia as an important component of legality principle. The author investigates how local features of political and administrative culture and legal professionalism determined the specific practical application of this principle.
Added: Feb 19, 2014
This article investigates eighteenth-century Russian legal thought on the criminalisation of sex and sexualities in light of Western European scholarship on the same themes. It reveals the background to and preconditions for the transfer of knowledge and intellectual frameworks that structured societal understandings of sexuality and, at the same time, created the mechanisms of social and legal control over such behaviour. The study shows that the absence of developed Russian legal philosophy did not prevent the development of a criminal law with the same goals as more developed jurisdictions. Commentaries on and classification of sex crimes in Russia followed patterns familiar to Western Europe and used similar definitions rooted in Christian moral philosophy and canon law. The concern with the proper, rational and orderly development of state and society, central to the era, meant that laws relating to the criminalisation of sex and sexuality were not liberalised.
Added: Feb 27, 2014
Бойцов М. А. Новое литературное обозрение. 2017. Т. 145. № 3.
С. 206-210.
Added: Jul 13, 2017
Севастополь: 2016.
Added: Jun 8, 2016
Тангян А. Математические методы анализа решений в экономике, бизнесе и политике. WP7. Высшая школа экономики, 2006. No. 03.
Added: Mar 23, 2013
The emergence of the Tea Party movement in recent years has shown that under the surface of mainstream political life in the USA there exists a different layer of ideas, which cannot be satisfactorily described in terms of the Republican/Democrat dichotomy. These ideas have their origins in the foundation of the American Republic, which owes a lot to ancient and mediaeval political theory. In the twentieth century there was a revival of these ideas in the form of the so-called “paleoconservative” movements which rediscovered their ancient and mediaeval heritage. This paper focuses on one of them, the Southern Agrarian movement, as exemplary of this radical intellectual project.
Added: May 14, 2013
Gusejnov G. Arbeitshefte der Forschungsstelle Osteuropa. Arbeitsheft. Forschungsstelle Osteuropa an der Universität Bremen, 1994. No. 7.
Added: Apr 18, 2013
Черных А. И. Политическая теория и политический анализ. WP14. Высшая школа экономики, 2012. № 03.
Added: May 3, 2012
Татарко А. Н. Психология образования в поликультурном пространстве. 2012. Т. 17. № 1.
С. 47-55.
Added: Sep 12, 2012
Таллинн: Таллинн, 2012.
Added: Dec 26, 2012
Valletta: ELRA, 2010.
Added: Dec 17, 2012
Черных А. И. Политическая теория и политический анализ. WP14. Высшая школа экономики, 2012. № 04.
Added: May 11, 2012
Аистов А. В.,
Леонова Л. А. ÐаÑÑнÑе Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑаÑоÑии колиÑеÑÑвенного анализа и моделиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñкономики. P1. ÐижегоÑодÑкий Ñилиал ÐÐУ ÐШÐ, 2010. â Р1/2010/04.
Added: May 21, 2012
Тулякова И. И., Бочкарева Н. С. Мировая литература в контексте культуры. 2008. № 3(1). С. 150-154.
Added: Dec 11, 2014