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«Spandrels…» Гулда и Левонтина и критика адаптационизма
Вестник Московского университета. Серия 7: Философия. 2015. № 3. С. 3–18.
Kuzin I.
The commented famous work by S.J. Gould and R.C. Lewontin is crucial not only to sociobiology critique but to polemics on evolutionary theory in general. Reflection provoked by Gould and Lewontin’s paper in the field of philosophy of biology enables to clarify the relation between the adaptationist program and biological reductionism.
Research target:
Sociology (including Demography and Anthropology
Earth Sciences
Biology
Philosophy, Ethics, and Religious Studies
Priority areas:
humanitarian
Language:
Russian
Keywords: адаптациярефлексияadaptationreductionismредукционизмreflectionтеория эволюцииphilosophy of biologyфилософия биологиисоциобиологияmodularityevolutionary theorysociobiologyмодулярностьadaptationismR. Dawkinsnatural kindsS.J. GouldR.C. Lewontinextended evolutionary synthesisspandrelsE.O. WilsonадаптационизмР. Докинзестественные видыС.Дж. ГулдР.Ч. Левонтинрасширенный эволюционный синтезспандрелыЭ.О. Уилсон
Gofman A. B., Социологическое обозрение 2026 Т. 25 № 2 С. 9–27
This article elucidates the interconnections, disciplinary boundaries and differences between sociology and social anthropology. The author provides a number of examples from the history of both disciplines, which demonstrate their proximity and close relationship, as well as the mobility, conventionality and permeability of the boundaries between them. Many prominent representatives of each of these social ...
Added: July 9, 2026
Zakharov S. V., Andreev E. M., Демографическое обозрение 2026 Т. 13 № 2 С. 4–36
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of fertility indicators for Russian female cohorts born in the 1930s–1980s, obtained using two independent methods: (a) estimates based on the results of national surveys of women collecting information on the number of children ever born; and (b) estimates derived from specially constructed cohort age- and ...
Added: July 9, 2026
Sobolev I., Эпистемология и философия науки 2026 Т. 63 № 2 С. 116–134
This article offers a critical analysis of the classical dichotomy between “what is said” and “what is implicated” in philosophy of language. The author argues that a rigid separation between semantics and pragmatics is insufficient to account for the full spectrum of linguistic meaning. Key examples examined include use-conditional meaning, which is conventional yet affects ...
Added: July 9, 2026
Kivalov S., Stepanov A., Vasenev I., Sustainability 2026 Vol. 18 No. 13 Article 6879
The carried-out microfield model research was aimed at identifying patterns in the dynamics of soil CO2 effluxes depending on the locally occurring hydrothermal regimes of regenerated lawn ecosystems on peat-sand substrates with different peat contents. Monitoring was carried out every ten days from 21 April 2019 to 30 October 2019 and included measurements of soil ...
Added: July 8, 2026
Zakharov S. V., Андреев Е. М., Демографическое обозрение 2026 Т. 13 № 2 С. 4–36
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of fertility indicators for Russian female cohorts born in the 1930s–1980s, obtained using two independent methods: (a) estimates based on the results of national surveys of women collecting information on the number of children ever born; and (b) estimates derived from specially constructed cohort age-and parity-specific ...
Added: July 8, 2026
Кузнецова П. О., Демографическое обозрение 2026 Т. 13 № 2 С. 37–70
В работе представлен анализ динамики и факторов младенческой смертности в регионах России в 1927-2022 гг., проведенный на данных Демоскоп Weeklyи Российской базы данных по рождаемости и смертности. Несмотря на значимость регионального фактора в младенческой смертности, особенно на ранних этапах наблюдаемого временного отрезка, эффект периода, как правило, оказывался важнее. Так,значительные успехи в снижении младенческой смертности в ...
Added: July 8, 2026
Poplavskaya A., Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии 2026 Т. 29 № 2 С. 257–273
In the booj "The End of Early Music," published by Oxford University Press in 2007, oboist and musicologist Bruce Haynes addresses questions about the evolution of music, its composition, performance, and listening. Drawing on his extensive practical and educational experience, he argues for the importance of engaging with the past. Particular attention is given to ...
Added: July 7, 2026
Dormidontova Y., Central European Business Review 2026 Vol. 15 No. 2 P. 69–90
This study examines the individual factors of artificial intelligence (AI) implementation by small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners, based on a survey of 499 respondents in Russia. Drawing on Innovation Diffusion Theory, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and stakeholder-oriented sustainability approach, the analysis shows that SME owners who already use AI for private purposes are ...
Added: July 7, 2026
Talakauskas D., Лукин И. Ю., Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии 2026 Т. 29 № 2 С. 144–169
Gift giving is a widespread social practice with a long history, which is an important part of social relations. However, the gift giving of books may be difficult to describe with the help of classical gift exchange theories. The aim of the present study is to determine the palette of meanings exchanged between giver and ...
Added: July 7, 2026
Zakharov S. V., AlterEconomics (ранее - Журнал экономической теории) 2026 Т. 23 № 2 С. 429–447
This article examines changes in the quantum and structural characteristics of period and cohort fertility in Russia in the context of pro-natalist demographic policy pursued since 2006. The study assesses the significance of recent decades’ shifts for total fertility, the age profile of mothers, and their distribution by number of children born. The analysis draws ...
Added: July 7, 2026
Grebnev L., Вопросы философии 2025 № 6 С. 105–116
The relevance of the topic is related to the fact that after the complete abandonment of real values in the 1970s of the main means of international settlements - the US dollar – there is a growing feeling that money increasingly represents an illusory reality. The article begins with an analysis of the illusions associated ...
Added: July 6, 2026
Ryabkov Y., Леонтьева А. В., Abramov R., Социология власти 2026 Т. 38 № 2 С. 230–261
This study analyzes art residencies in Russia as institutions that bring together artists, local contexts, and stakeholders. It focuses on three key aspects: strategies for institutional positioning within the art field and in relation to stakeholders; residents' practices regarding the local context; and the nature of the residencies' interactions with local residents. The institutionalization of ...
Added: July 4, 2026
Bogdanov T., ИНТЕРакция. ИНТЕРвью. ИНТЕРпретация 2026 Т. 18 № 2 С. 30–50
The article addresses the ethical and methodological aspects of using artificial intelligence (AI) in qualitative sociological research. The widespread use of generative AI in scientific research has sparked an interdisciplinary debate regarding the instrumental efficiency and moral permissibility of applying this technology in the processes of acquiring scientific knowledge. The most active debates are taking ...
Added: July 3, 2026
Khestanov R., Логос 2026 Т. 36 № 3 С. 1–19
The article proposes an affective theory of social order, taking as its starting point the phenomenon of "Spanish shame" (ispanski styd) – the vicarious embarrassment experienced by a bystander witnessing another person's social failure. Tracing three competing etymological accounts of the expression, the author argues that the uncertainty of its origin is not a defect ...
Added: July 1, 2026
Kuzminov Y., Kruchinskaia E., Россия в глобальной политике 2026 Т. 24 № 4 С. 92–109
В статье анализируется структурный разрыв между увеличивающейся когнитивной нагрузкой и снижающейся отдачей от неё. Подход, при котором развитие научных и образовательных школ, ориентированных на тренировку суждения, может стать альтернативой количественному наращиванию вычислительных мощностей, которое служит основной стратегией Китая и США. Применительно к России традиция фундаментального образования и сильных исследовательских школ приобретает в новых условиях значение ...
Added: July 1, 2026
Окнина Л. Б., Подлепич В. В., Sieber I. et al., Физиология человека 2026 Т. 52 № 3 С. 5–15
The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency following response (FFR) for the analysis of the intact perception of syllables in humans. For this purpose, event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to isolated Russian syllables were recorded and analyzed in 29 healthy persons in two frequency ranges, standard (1-40 Hz) and high frequency (70-150 ...
Added: June 30, 2026
Grigoreva M., Соколова Е. Н., Знак: проблемное поле медиаобразования 2026 № 1 С. 92–101
The article analyzes representations of grandmothers’ and grandfathers’ images in the digital family discourse of the Russian social media segment. Based on a corpus of more than two million public posts from September 2023 to September 2024 collected via Brand Analytics, we extracted a subcorpus of 82 138 posts mentioning the older generation. The study ...
Added: June 30, 2026
Rodina O., Прикладная эконометрика 2026 № 82 С. 86–104
This article examines the relationship between the age of first birth and the value of the “motherhood penalty” in wages. The author constructs a fixed-effects panel regression using panel data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (waves from 2006 to 2022). The study finds that having a child leads to a 12.7 per cent decrease ...
Added: June 30, 2026
Shevtsova I., Sorbale A., Starodubtsev A. et al., Russian Politics 2026 Vol. 11 No. 2 P. 265–295
International sanctions imposed on Russia in recent years, along with associated economic hardships, have had a significant impact on many socially important sectors. The quality of governance in these areas is crucial for maintaining economic growth, living standards, and the position of the ruling elites. Based on the policy analysis of the Russian housing policy, ...
Added: June 19, 2026
Kudriavtseva E., / РЦИС. Серия № 0148-756-286. 2026.
The content of the work is the system is a system for identifying four types of written speech structures. A set of 11 calculated parameters, statistical standards, and semantic characteristics allows for the identification of a text's structure as the result of a specific cognitive schema (scene, event, story, evaluation). The method has been verified ...
Added: June 2, 2026
Vorchik A., / SSRN. Серия Social Science Research Network "Social Science Research Network". 2026.
This work is devoted to a theoretical explanation of the Easterlin paradox, according to which long-term economic growth does not make average level of people's happiness increasing. By happiness, we mean the intensity of emotions people experience while comparing their new income with its expected value, or the target income with its original value. In the first case, ...
Added: May 31, 2026
Omelchenko E. L., Гарифзянова А. Р., Мир России: Социология, этнология 2026 Т. 35 № 2 С. 170–193
This article analyzes the situation of Muslims within the Russian penitentiary system. The empirical basis of the study is 74 biographical interviews with former prisoners conducted in three regions of Russia between 2019 and 2022. The analysis focuses on accounts by former male prisoners who identified themselves as Muslims and mentioned Islam and Muslim practices. ...
Added: May 14, 2026
Garifzyanova A. R., Гарифзянова А. Р., Мир России: Социология, этнология 2026 Т. 35 № 2 С. 170–193
This article analyzes the situation of Muslims within the Russian penitentiary system. The empirical basis of the study is 74 biographical interviews with former prisoners conducted in three regions of Russia between 2019 and 2022. The analysis focuses on accounts by former male prisoners who identified themselves as Muslims and mentioned Islam and Muslim practices. ...
Added: May 13, 2026
Strizhkova D., / Институт русской литературы (Пушкинский Дом) РАН. Серия B001 "Репозиторий открытых данных по русской литературе и фольклору". 2026.
В базе данных представлена роспись русскоязычных литературных произведений и отрывков, напечатанных в учебниках по словесности, хрестоматиях, книгах для чтения, сборниках стихотворений и рассказов, выходивших во Франции, Германии, Латвии, Эстонии, Болгарии, Сербии в период первой волны русской эмиграции с 1918 по 1939 гг. Датасет представляет интерес для исследователей школьного литературного канона, эмиграции и детского чтения ...
Added: April 22, 2026