Article
Неравные среди равных: почему развивающиеся страны реже выигрывают споры в ВТО?
This article discusses the factors that affect the chances of a favorable resolution of claims to the WTO dispute settlement. On the basis of 488 complaints received by the WTO since the establishment of the organization by 2014, we demonstrated that the developing countries have a smaller probability of successful resolution in the dispute than the developed countries. This inequality can be explained by differences in the size of economies (GDP), but the paper shows that differences in the country’s experience of participation in WTO disputes have a higher predictive power.
This article examines the position of Russian state courts, in particular, of the Supreme Commercial Court, w i t h regard to the arbitrability of disputes concerning the transfer of title i n real estate and of corporate disputes under Russian law. These specific issues are dealt w i t h i n the light of the general approach of Russian courts to arbitration. Firstly, some necessary explanations are given in relation to Russian regulation, practice and attitude towards arbitration. Then, the approach of the Russian state commercial courts w i t h regard to the arbitrability of real estate and corporate disputes is described and compared w i t h their general attitude to arbitration manifested in Russian case law. Finally, the author's viewpoint on the possible concerns underlying the apparently incongruent stance of the commercial courts to the arbitrability of real estate and corporate disputes is discussed.
Over the years of WTO work, the inconsistency of positions on individual issues between countries, as well as groups of countries, has often led to a deadlocks in the solution of certain trade and political problems. However, the joint search for mutually beneficial, compromise ways, the willingness of participants to Dialogue at the WTO platform demonstrated the viability of the multilataral trading system.
The chapter in a monograph gives an insight into the key problems and most recent tendencies of the law and practice of mediation in Russia. Russia already has detailed federal legislation governing mediation. Also, mediation has been practised in Russia for years, even when such legislation was not in force. Furthermore, Russian law governing mediation is in rapid development. Thus current Russian experience can be of interest to legislators and practitioners from many countries which also face problems with case overload in the state courts.
Five papers analyze the bidirectional relationship between poverty and migration in developing countries. Papers discuss the patterns of migration in Tanzania (Kathleen Beegle, Joachim De Weerdt, and Stefan Dercon); work-related migration and poverty reduction in Nepal (Michael Lokshin, Mikhail Bontch-Osmolovski, and Elena Glinskaya); the evolution of Albanian migration and its role in poverty reduction (Carlo Azzarri, Gero Carletto, Benjamin Davis, and Alberto Zezza); migration choices, inequality of opportunities, and poverty reduction in Nicaragua (Edmundo Murrugarra and Catalina Herrera); and how developing country governments can facilitate international migration for poverty reduction (John Gibson and David McKenzie). Murrugarra is Senior Economist in the Latin America and Caribbean Region at the World Bank. Larrison is a PhD candidate and Assistant Teacher in the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration at George Washington University. Sasin is Economist in the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Department at the World Bank. Index.
We address the external effects on public sector efficiency measures acquired using Data Envelopment Analysis. We use the health care system in Russian regions in 2011 to evaluate modern approaches to accounting for external effects. We propose a promising method of correcting DEA efficiency measures. Despite the multiple advantages DEA offers, the usage of this approach carries with it a number of methodological difficulties. Accounting for multiple factors of efficiency calls for more complex methods, among which the most promising are DMU clustering and calculating local production possibility frontiers. Using regression models for estimate correction requires further study due to possible systematic errors during estimation. A mixture of data correction and DMU clustering together with multi-stage DEA seems most promising at the moment. Analyzing several stages of transforming society’s resources into social welfare will allow for picking out the weak points in a state agency’s work.