Article
О ДВУХ ПОДХОДАХ К КЛАСТЕРИЗАЦИИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДА ОБОЛОЧЕЧНОГО АНАЛИЗА ДАННЫХ
Initially proposed by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes as a method for comparative efficiency assessment, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) eventually got an alternative use. Researchers suggested ways to use it to group (cluster) objects not by the level of their efficiency, but by other parameters, which, from the computational point of view, were secondary results of applying DEA determining the mode used by the object to gain efficiency. The need for such an approach is dictated by two research objectives in strategic management, requiring clustering companies as objects of analysis. First, as companies follow different lines of behavior, finding stable patterns of their actions, and explaining and predicting their behavior is possible only when companies are broken into homogeneous groups. Second, comparative assessment of companies’ success is also possible only within homogeneous groups, because changes in such indicators as unit costs, market share, sales per employee and other similar measures may be assessed quite differently depending on whether the company in question is aspiring to gain the wide market through cost leadership or is following an alternative pathway. Authors undertake a comparative analysis of the two approaches to clustering production facilities based on DEA results. Po, Guh and Yang suggested combining in the same cluster objects with the same production function, when isoquants are determined by the production probability area. Alternative methods based on application of standard clustering procedures to DEA results have been proposed by Kao and Hung, and later by Volkova, Filinov, Titova, Kuskova, Gorny and Nikolaeva. Theoretical analysis and computational experiments show that both approaches (based on finding the edges of the production probability area and based on application of standard clustering procedures to DEA results) yield similar results under certain circumstances but differ in the opportunities offered to the researcher in substantive interpreting of the groups created and performing alternative calculations with the changing number of clusters (groups).
What is governmental effectiveness on the regional level? How can the study of regional effectiveness help us understand the performance of the political, social and economic systems of the state as a whole? These questions are very important from both the theoretical and applied perspectives, and the Russian Federation, with its huge and diverse territory, provides extremely rich material to answer them. Serious institutional reforms in the public sector have been implemented in recent years, and the results vary substantially from one region to another. So, in Russia, we can study how general attempts to make government more effective - guided by federal policies - produce particular regional effects, and, conversely, how regions implement federal policy differently. Both views tell us something important about overall governmental quality.
Governmental effectiveness, though in a broad sense one of the oldest issues in political science and philosophy, is currently enjoying a renaissance. The quantity of recent publications and even a special academic structure - The Quality of Government Institute in Sweden – illustrate the current interest. However, researching governmental effectiveness poses serious difficulties, on both the conceptual and instrumental levels. Despite (perhaps even because of) the variety of available theoretical frameworks, the essential core notions of governmental effectiveness and good governance remain murky. Furthermore, scholars disagree about what effectiveness and efficiency mean in a general sense. These issues obviously make it difficult to construct adequate measurement instruments.
The paper seeks to achieve three goals: 1) to review existing approaches and highlight their weak points; 2) to propose a theoretical framework for analyzing governmental effectiveness using appropriate estimation tools; and 3) to present empirical results based on data on public health care from Russia’s regions. Three patterns that ought to correlate - regional efficiency, how reform has been implemented and public opinion – are, instead, inconsistent with each other. Russia’s health-care sector today faces considerable problems with basic, systemic effectiveness.
We present a complex analysis of business models for large, medium and small Russian commercial banks from 2006 to 2009. The Russian banks are grouped based on homogeneity criteria of their financial and operational outcomes. The banks’ structure of assets and liabilities, profitability and liquidity ratio are taken into account. The results show how the banks are adjusted their business models before and after the financial turmoil taken place in 2008. In addition, the prevailing banking business models observed for the leading banks in Russia are defined. The banks often changing their business models are found and analyzed.
Increased attention and focus has been laid on the strategic importance of intellectual capital for modern management. However, intangible resources appear difficult to measure. Today, there are several methods, both financial and nonfinancial ones that allow managing them, to provide benchmarking and analyze its value added function (Sveiby, 2007). The rare investigations of intellectual capital in Russian enterprises show that “Almost in all industries it is still more profitable to invest in tangible assets rather than in intangible ones” (Volkov, Garanina, 2007). Still, some investigations on the micro level show that there are enterprises with high level of technological capital and innovative activity. The researchers called them “innovative leaders” and empirically proved that they have high labour productivity and are awarded by market through extra profit (Gonchar et al., 2010). Using the research sample and Pulic’s Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™) the authors investigate empirically the dynamics and structure of VAIC, and study the relation between the intellectual capital and indicators of organizational performance, such as labour productivity, sales growth and profitability. Additionally, the VAIC™ model allows analysing the role of human, structural and physical capital. This paper outlines the study based on 350 Russian industrial enterprises’ annual statistical and account reports from 2005 through 2007. Besides, the authors adopt the VAIC calculation according to the Russian accounting system’s specifications and limitations. The findings support the hypothesis that a company’s intellectual capital influences favourably the organizational performance, and may indicate future competitiveness. A proof showing that the explanatory power of models is higher when considering the additional variables such as investment in fixed capital, R&D expenditures and a company’s size is represented. The results extend the understanding of the intellectual capital role in creation of sustainable advantages for companies in developing economies where different technological advancements may bring different implications for organizational value creation efficiency.
DEA-analysis is performed based on publicly available data on 94 world largest fashion retailers. Standard clusterization of coefficients obtained from DEA-analysis gives clusters that are analyzed with respect to homogeneity and fit to the types of strategic behavior outlined in strategic management.
Data Correcting Algorithms in Combinatorial Optimization focuses on algorithmic applications of the well known polynomially solvable special cases of computationally intractable problems. The purpose of this text is to design practically efficient algorithms for solving wide classes of combinatorial optimization problems. Researches, students and engineers will benefit from new bounds and branching rules in development efficient branch-and-bound type computational algorithms. This book examines applications for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem and its variations, Maximum Weight Independent Set Problem, Different Classes of Allocation and Cluster Analysis as well as some classes of Scheduling Problems. Data Correcting Algorithms in Combinatorial Optimization introduces the data correcting approach to algorithms which provide an answer to the following questions: how to construct a bound to the original intractable problem and find which element of the corrected instance one should branch such that the total size of search tree will be minimized. The PC time needed for solving intractable problems will be adjusted with the requirements for solving real world problems.
The analysis of region differentiation of microentrepreneurship development and indexes of judicial statistics based on the current data of statistical recording are given in the article. The capabilities of cluster analysis for revelation of typological groups of the Russian region depending on the level of entrepreneurial activities and the results of law enforcement practice are represented.
This paper presents a pattern behavioral analysis of 100 largest Russian commercial banks by total assets during an eight- year period: from the first quarter of 1999 to the second quarter of 2007. Bank performance indicators are analyzed. Structural similarities in the development of the banks are examined. A cluster analysis is applied to determine banks with a similar structure of operations. This analysis allows to estimate how the structure of the Russian banking system has been changing over time. In particular, it allows to identify prevailing patterns in the behavior of Russian commercial banks and to analyze the stability of their position in a particular pattern.
How seriously does the degree of trust in basic social and political institutions for people from different countries depend on their individual characteristics? To answer this question, three types of models have been estimated using the data of the fifth wave of the World Value Survey: the first one based on the assumption about a generalized relationship for all countries, the second one taking into account heterogeneity of countries (using introduction of the country-level variables), the third type applying a preliminary subdivision of countries into five clusters. The obtained results have been used for suggestion of possible actions to increase public confidence in the basic institutions.
The author analyzes the most widely applied risk management standards in Russia, emphasizing the lack of a clear system for operational risk management. Reviewing the challenges emerging on European markets due to the introduction of the Solvency II directive, he suggests approaches to the solution of possible problems for Russian insurers.
портовый менеджмент, показатели деятельности, анализ эффективности, система учета, распределение издержек, методы анализа деятельности портовой системы
At present many industries reveal tendency for setting up of vertically integrated companies (VIC) the structure of which unites all technological processes. This tendency proved its efficiency in oil industry where coordination of all successive stages of technological process, namely, oil prospecting and production -oil transportation - oil processing - oil chemistry - oil products and oil chemicals marketing, is necessary. The article considers specific features of introduction of "personnel management" module at enterprises of oil and gas industry.
vertically integrated companies; personnel management