Article
Выбор направлений научно-технического сотрудничества России
Strong international partnerships are a key vehicle for building an efficient national innovation system. Successful global cooperation needs comprehensive knowledge of the features of the science and technology (S&T) sphere in a changing environment of global division of labour, competition, and political climates. New realities and trends emerge, changing the established ‘rules of the game’ and calling for immediate actions from politicians, experts, and various economic actors.
We propose an analytical approach to build and examine an empirical database. Drawing on bibliometric analysis and expert survey tools, such an approach helps us identify the most promising areas for Russia’s international S&T cooperation. We assess the scope for applying the proposed methodology. Based on the latest available data in Web of Science, the international scientific citation indexing service (2014 and early 2015), we compare the structure and variation over time of scientific specializations in Russia, leading S&T countries, and several fast growing global economies.
The cooperation priorities that we identified via matrix analysis were complemented with data from expert surveys. The surveys highlighted the partner organizations, thematic areas, and instruments of S&T cooperation, which indicate some of the future possibilities for Russia’s international S&T cooperation.
The global economic and political landscape is undergoing profound changes as the world enters a period of rapid transformation development strategies or adjusting their existing ones with greater prominence given to the role of innovation in the leading and underpinning development to strengthen their strategic arrangements for innovation⁃driven development, in a bid to improve their international competitiveness and seize the initiative in global competition Science, technology and innovation (STI) are recognized as the golden key to the door to growth In this trend of the times, the BRICS countries are spearheading the development of developing countries and attracting international attention with their highly innovative and distinctive development strategies Meanwhile, the BRICS as a bloc has become an exemplar of STI cooperation of developing countries.
As the rotating chair of BRICS in 2017, China will host the 9th BRICS Summit in Xiamen in September In the lead⁃up to the summit, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) hosted the 5th BRICS Science, Technology and Innovation Ministerial Meeting in Hangzhou in July, where BRICS STI ministers had in⁃depth discussions and reached wide consensus on topics including STI policy, cooperation in priority areas, and co-funding for multilateral research projects The BRICS Action Plan for Innovation Cooperation and the Hangzhou Declaration
To support the work relating to BRICS STI cooperation under the Chinese presidency, China Science and Technology Exchange Center (CSTEC), as entrusted by MOST, established a High Level Expert Group of leading professionals The High⁃level Expert Group complied theBRICS Innovative Competitiveness Report 2017, in collaboration with the science and technology sections of Chinese embassies in other BRICS countries and STI think tanks in other BRICS countries Based on the latest available data, the Report of the BRICS STI cooperation, and presents country and thematic studies on the STI development of BRICS countries.
The Report consists of four parts, with a total of 12 sub⁃reports Part I two general sub⁃reports: an analysis report which evaluates and forecasts the national innovation competitiveness of BRICS countries and their STI cooperation and strategic priorities; and a research report on the priority areas BRICS STI cooperation for win⁃win results This part evaluates the comprehensive national innovative competitiveness of the BRICS countries since 2001 and forecast their innovative competitiveness in the next five years It also assesses the current status and progress of China's STI cooperation with other BRICS countries, and identifies priority areas of BRICS STI cooperation, support for BRICS countries to strengthen their national innovation competitiveness Part Ⅱ presents six country reports, which evaluate, analyze and forecast of the national innovation competitiveness of the BRICS countries and studies of their STI cooperation within the BRICS framework Part Ⅲ presents four thematic reports, which focus on the four thematic areas to STI, including digital economy, inclusive finance, energy, and agriculture, elaborate the STI development and potential of the individual BRICS countries in those areas, and provide valuable inputs for the BRICS countries' national innovation competitiveness Part IV contains appendixes, including an introduction to the related indicator system BRICS STI cooperation.
This paper discusses the possibilities and limitations of the use of publication databases such as Web of Science and Scopus to determine the research capabilities and prospective areas of research and development of universities. It also analyses major problems related with the analysis of universities’ publication activities in Scopus and Web of Science databases such as author surname variations, identification of author profile among authors with the same surname, author and organization profile merging, identification of author affiliation etc. This paper proposes a list of bibliometric indicators for the analysis of publication activities of individual researchers, university departments and universities as a whole. Furthermore, it describes the methodological approaches for interpreting these indicators. Finally, the paper reviews the possibilities of VOSviewer software for analysis of different aspect of publication activities at individual and department level such as international collaboration networks, detection of the hot topics of research activity and co-citation networks.
The goal of the conference is to help build cross-disciplinary networks of analysts, software specialists, and researchers to advance the use of textual information in multiple science, technology, and business development fields. Within this context, conference themes will include, but are not limited to:
Data
Sourcing, preparing, and interpreting data sources including patents, publications, webscraping, and other novel data sourcesText-mining tools and methods
Best practices in software-based topic modeling, clumping, association rules, term manipulation, text manipulation, etc. VisualizationApplied research
Future-Oriented Technology Analysis (FTA) Intelligence gathering to support decision-making in the private sector (e.g., Management of Technology)This paper is devoted to the challenges of measuring, analyzing and visualizing research capacity of university. We identify the related methodological issues, propose solutions and apply these solutions to a complex analysis of the research potential of three departments of a Russian university. First, we briefly review the current literature on different aspects of an analysis of research capacity of university. The next step is a discussion on the key challenges faced when analyzing the publication activity of a university. Further, we discuss the opportunities offered by and limitations of using the Web of Science and Scopus databases to determine the research capabilities of universities. In the empirical section of the paper, we analyse the research capacity of university departments and individual employees using simple yet illustrative tools of bibliometric analysis. We also make recommendations for university administrative personnel, which can be derived from our analysis.
Tech Mining, a special form of “Big Data” analytics, aims to generate Competitive Technical Intelligence (CTI) using bibliometric and text-mining software (e.g., VantagePoint, TDA) as well as other analytical & visualization applications for analyses of Science, Technology & Innovation (ST&I) information resources. The goal of the conference is to ENGAGE cross-disciplinary networks of analysts, software specialists, researchers, policymakers, and managers toADVANCE the use of textual information in multiple science, technology, and business development fields. The conference program will address key CHALLENGES in:
Data
Sourcing, preparing, and interpreting data sources including patents, publications, webscraping, and other novel data sourcesText-mining tools and methods
Best practices in software-based topic modeling, clumping, association rules, term manipulation, text manipulation, etc. VisualizationApplied research
Future-Oriented Technology Analysis (FTA) Intelligence gathering to support decision-making in the private sector (e.g., Management of Technology)This conference is intended for researchers and students across multiple fields, especially Scientometrics, Public Policy, Management of Technology and Information Science.
The term of advanced technology is primarily associated with computer electronics and microelectronics actively developing since 1960s. Although there is no single conventional definition of the notion or specific class of technology that is associated with it, discussions on what may be considered as technical advancements in the current perspective evolve over time. As long as there is continuous interest in rise, development and dissemination of new technologies, especially from the policy-making perspective, it is important to understand which specific issues arise in professional discourse over certain time periods. This paper focuses on evolution of a communication core in academic discussions on advanced technologies identified with the use of betweenness centrality and PageRank metrics applied to a co-citation network of publications from 1960 until 2015. It is shown that there is observable penetration of the term from social sciences to natural and engineering disciplines.
In this study, we discover Russian “centers of excellence” and explore patterns of their collaboration with each other and with foreign partners. Highly cited papers serve as a proxy for “excellence” and coauthored papers as a measure of collaborative efforts. We find that currently research institutes (of the Russian Academy of Sciences as well as others) remain the key players despite recent government initiatives to stimulate university science. The contribution of the commercial sector to high-impact research is negligible. More than 90% of Russian highly cited papers involve international collaboration, and Russian institutions often do not play a dominant role. Partnership with U.S., German, U.K., and French scientists increases markedly the probability of a Russian paper becoming highly cited. Patterns of national (“intranational”) collaboration in world-class research differ significantly across different types of organizations; the strongest ties are between three nuclear/particle physics centers. Finally, we draw a coauthorship map to visualize collaboration between Russian centers of excellence.
Most of the developed and developing nations, including BRICS countries, have been devoting considerable attention to S&T priority setting for quite a while now, since such priorities serve as a basis for their science, technology, and innovation (STI) policies (OECD in Priority setting for public research: challenges and opportunities. OECD Publishing, Paris, 2010; BILAT-USA in Analysis of S&T priorities in public research in Europe and the USA, 2010; Gassler et al in Priorities in science & technology policy—an international comparison. Project report commissioned by the Austrian Council for Research and Technology Development, 2004; Gokhberg et al in Deploying foresight for policy and strategy makers: creating opportunities through public policies and corporate strategies in science, technology and innovation. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, Netherlands, 2016; Grebenyuk et al in Priority setting in the EU countries and the Russian Federation: The best practices, M.: National Research University Higher School of Economics, 2016; Cagnin in Foresight-Russ 8(2):46–55, 2014; Kuwahara et al in Foresight in Japan. The Handbook of Technology Foresight Concepts and Practice. 2008; Li in Research priorities and priority-setting in China. Vinnova Analysis, Vinnova, 2009; Pouris and Raphasha in Foresight STI Gov 9(3):66–79, 2015). Relevant efforts are mainly focused on solving strategic socio-economic problems, and making efficient use of national competitive advantages (OECD in Meeting global challenges through better governance. International Co-operation in Science, Technology and Innovation, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2012; European Forum on Forward Looking Activities in How to design a European foresight process that contributes to a European challenge driven R&I strategy process, European Forum on Forward Looking Activities, Policy Brief No. 2, 2015; Meissner et al. in Science, technology and innovation policy for the future. Potentials and limits of foresight studies. Springer, New York, Dordrecht, London, Heidelberg, 2013; Poznyak and Shashnov in Foresight-Russ 5(2):48–56, 2011; Sokolov and Chulok in Futures 80:17–32, 2016). S&T priorities are currently being set through a comprehensive assessment of their possible contribution to achieving sustainable socio-economic development, and strengthening the country’s competitiveness.