ОПЫТ РАЗВИТИЯ ИСЛАМСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ИРАН В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ

Бизнес. Общество. Власть. 2025. № 3 (57). С. 218–238.

Salamatov V., Базелюк В. Н.

The article is dedicated to analyzing the experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran under prolonged sanction pressure that has been ongoing since 1979. The main focus is on three key aspects: historical stages of sanctions implementation, their impact on the economy, politics, and social sphere of the country, as well as Iran's methods of adapting to these restrictions.
Sanctions against Iran have gone through three main stages. The imposed measures have significantly affected Iran's economy, leading to increased inflation, a decline in GDP, a reduction in oil exports, and much more. Despite this, Iran has developed a number of strategies to mitigate the effects of sanctions: creating alternative payment systems, utilizing cryptocurrencies and barter transactions, developing shadow banking and oil shipping fleets, as well as diversifying exports. Special economic zones and free trade zones play an important role in attracting foreign investment.
The restrictions have caused many social issues, but the government recognizes the existing difficulties and actively supports the population through subsidies and social programs. International partnerships help Iran reduce its dependence on the West. In the long term, sanctions have become a factor that stimulates the development of the national economy and strengthens the country's sovereignty, despite all existing challenges. The article provides valuable material for understanding the survival strategies of states under sanction pressure and their consequences for the economy and society.

Keywords: теневая экономика, платежные системы, международное сотрудничество, особые экономические зоны, diversification, shadow economy, sanctions, Islamic Republic of Iran, Исламская Республика Иран, cryptocurrency, зоны свободной торговли, 12.81.00 Международное сотрудничество в науке, free trade zones