Пальцевой индекс, маскулинность лица и флуктуирующая асимметрии как маркеры полового отбора в традиционных африканских популяциях хадза и датога

Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ. 2014. № 2. С. 18–28.

Бутовская М. Л., Постникова Е. А., Веселовская Е. В., Маурер А. М., Савинецкий А. Б., Сыроежкин Г. В.

It has been suggested that fluctuating asymmetry (FA) reflects the genetic quality of different populations, which is particularly informative in harsh environment, poor health and social security. The Hadza are huntergatherers and Datoga are pastoralists from Northern Tanzania. Both societies are currently living in extreme environmental conditions, with expressed climatic seasonality and abundance of various infectious and parasites diseases. The Datoga are cattle breeders and thus might have more stable food resources. The aim of the present study was to determine possible differences between Hadza and Datoga by fluctuating asymmetry rate, masculinity and 2D:4D ratio and the test for correlations between FA, general masculinity and 2D:4D ratio. The coefficient of fluctuating asymmetry and the rate of sexual dimorphism were measured on photos of adults ranged from 14 to 70 years (198 Hadza, 64 Datoga). FA traits were calculated by taking left and right deviation from the midline, calculated from inter-pupillary distance, for six facial bilateral points and then summing the absolute values of individual scores, and sexual dimorphism was measured by measuring distance between specific points, producing four ratios: Cheekbone Prominence, Jaw Height/ Lower Face Height, Lower Face Height/Face Height, and Face Width/Lower Face Height. All images were normalized on inter-pupillary distance.

Ключевые слова: hunter-gatherers, digit ratio, human face, fluctuating asymmetry, sexual dymorphism, pastoralists, пальцевой индекс, лицо человека, флуктуирующая асимметрия, половой диморфизм, охотники-собиратели, скотоводы