Social Stratification by Life Chances: Evidence from Russia

2017. No. 80/SOC/2017.

Аникин В. А., Лежнина Ю. П., Мареева С. В., Тихонова Н. Е.

The present paper operationalizes one of the oldest concepts in the sociological literature about social stratification. Relying on Weber’s theory, the authors consider life chances in terms of positive and negative privileges. This framework is fertile ground for constructing a series of indices measuring opportunities and risks in key areas of life such as economic conditions, work situation, human capital accumulation, and consumption and leisure activities. Drawing on empirical data from three 2015 representative Russian surveys, the authors classified the Russian population on a continuum of life chances. The majority of Russians obtain just one third of the maximum scores on the life-chance scale. It is also shown that the life-chance scale has a strong correlation with the peaks of income distribution; however, the relationship between lower- and middle-income groups are not that salient. Finally, we show that life chances are uniquely distributed across different localities in contemporary Russia. We admit therefore the high analytical power of the neo-Weberian concept of life chances in stratification studies. Measured via a multidimensional index, life chances appear a good alternative to a gradational approach and the relational stratification schema developed particularly for the working population. 

Ключевые слова: Russia, социальная стратификация, inequality, social privileges, social structure, social stratification, жизненные шансы, social risks, life chances

ПУБЛИКАЦИЯ ПОДГОТОВЛЕНА ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ ПРОЕКТА: Анализ социально-экономического неравенства и перераспределительной политики, оценка уровня и качества жизни различных социальных групп и исследование факторов здорового и активного долголетия (2017)