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Early Geez Orthography in the ʔAbbā Garimā Gospels and in the Aksumite Epigraphic Geez

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 2026. Vol. 89. No. 2. P. 367–399.
Bulakh M.

ʔAbbā Garimā I and III (AG I and III) are the oldest manuscripts written in Geez (Old Ethiopic). According to a recent radiocarbon analysis they are dated to the Aksumite period. The present paper confronts the orthography of these manuscripts with that of the epigraphic corpus of the Aksumite period (the comparison is restricted to the roots containing gutturals and/or sibilants, since the preservation of these consonants is the hallmark of pre-7th cent. Geez). The investigation demonstrates remarkable agreement in spelling roots with gutturals/sibilants – an additional argument in favour of dating of AG I, III to the Aksumite period. The paper also discusses the general problem of periodization of the Geez language, focusing on the early post-Aksumite period (8th – 13th cent.) and providing a preliminary survey of direct and indirect Geez sources pertaining to this period.

Research target: Philology and Linguistics
Language: English
Full text
DOI
Keywords: классический эфиопский языкгеэзGeez languageClassical EthiopicEthiopian epigraphy in Late Antiquityпозднеантичная эпиграфика Эфиопии
Publication based on the results of:
From Antiquity to Modernity: Epistemology of the Development of Spiritual and Material Cultures in Non-Western Societies (2025)
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