The evolution of Hofstede’s model

P. 14–22.

Minkov M.

For decades, Hofstede’s model of national culture was the dominant approach in comparisons of national cultures. However, the reliability of that model was largely a matter of faith. Attempts at small-scale replications failed but were ignored. Between 2015 and 2021, a number of studies across large numbers of nations, using nationally representative data, demonstrated that all of Hofstede’s dimensions are either seriously flawed or completely fictitious. In a series of publications, Minkov proposed a radical revision of Hofstede’s model, consisting of just two dimensions. Analyses by various authors have demonstrated that the reliable dimensions in all models of national culture are variants of these two dimensions. They are the best predictors of the most important cultural differences between modern nations, including transparency-corruption, political freedom, gender equality, mortality in accidents, educational achievement, family structure, homicide rates, and many business- related statistics.

Keywords: culture, individualism, collectivism, Flexibility, Monumentalism, Hofstede's model

Publication based on the results of: Comparative studies of culture: theoretical foundations, methodological problems and applications to problems of socio-economic development (2024)

In book

Elgar Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural Management

Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024.