От Казани до Грозного: как экзистенциальная безопасность делает людей менее религиозными (на примере республик Поволжья и Северного Кавказа)

Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом. 2024. Т. 42. № 4. С. 224–254.

Musaev A. U.

In the article, using the example of Muslim regions of Russia (North Caucasus and Volga region), the cultural hypothesis of the evolutionary theory of modernization by R. Inglehart and K. Welzel is tested. Using survey data from online communities, we demonstrate that the classic idea of evolutionary modernization theory about greater secularization in richer regions also works for Russian Muslim-majority regions. Tatarstan and Bashkiria turn out to be less religious both in terms of subjective religiosity (self-identification and the importance of God in life) and objective religiosity (fasting, frequency of prayers and visiting mosques), while the regions of the North Caucasus (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia) show the opposite trends. Moreover, we show that the subjective religiosity of respondents turns out to be much higher than the objective religiosity. The index of objective religiosity turns out to be a suitable instrument for measuring religiosity in Muslim societies, explaining up to half of the variation in subjective religiosity, and the social class of the respondent (income, age and education), the share of the Russian population and ethnic homogeneity, as well as the economic situation of the region, also turn out to be associated with religiosity, which once again confirms the hypothesis of modernization.

Keywords: модернизация, ислам, секуляризация, modernization, religiosity, религиозность, islam, secularization theory, religious commitment, Muslim regions, objective and subjective religiosity, мусульманские регионы, объективная религиозность, субъективная религиозность

Publication based on the results of: Comparative studies of culture: theoretical foundations, methodological problems and applications to problems of socio-economic development (2024)