Доминанты, субдоминанты и рецеденты: формальный анализ изменений канона истории немецкой философии в XIX веке

Логос. 2020. Т. 140. № 6. С. 173–206.

Demin M., Kouprianov A. V.

In the 19th century Germany, there was a persistent interest in the history of philosophy. Schneider (1999) lists 148 original works in the history of philosophy by 114 authors published from 1810 through 1899. The scale of this historiographic tradition offers an opportunity to apply Digital Humanities methodology (distant reading, formal analysis, and innovative visualisations) to the case. In this paper, we intended to show how the Canon of the German philosophy history had been created and changed over time.

To reveal the patterns of attention to the 19th century philosophers we undertook a formal analysis of 77 tables of contents for German textbooks in the history of philosophy. On the basis of this analysis we, using biological metaphors, united philosophers in three groups, dominant, subdominant, and recedent ones. Our analysis not only confirms the domination of the 'Great Four' (Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel), but helps us to draw a more nuanced picture of the period under consideration. In 1830s – 1840s, the vision of the impact of some philosophers was highly polarised. E.g., in some textbooks, I. F. Herbart was completely ignored, while in the others his ideas were treated in more pages than those of Hegel's. After 1860, Kant's writings attract more and more of attention. His share of pages grows, while for the majority of philosophers it declines. Fichte, Shelling, and Hegel lose nearly half of their share and come closer to the subdominant group of Herbart, Schleiermacher, and Schopenhauer. The original visualisation techniques help us to graphically present the changes in the Canon of the 19th century German philosophy.

Keywords: канон, немецкая классическая философия, digital humanities, German classical philosophy, digital humanities, distant reading, history of academic disciplines, great philosophers, великие философы, история академических дисциплин, «дальнее чтение»