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Substituting the Opposition under Electoral Authoritarianism: The Case of the Russian Regional Parliamentary Elections in 2021
Russian Politics. 2023. Vol. 8. No. 4. P. 519–549.
Romanov D., Fominykh I., Ankudinov I.
Political scientists have long known that modern electoral autocracies can use quasi-democratic institutions to neutralize the danger posed by the opposition. Participation in elections by completely controlled spoiler parties proved to be an effective tool for maintaining authoritarian stability. However, researchers know few cases of how aging authoritarian regimes create systemic semi-independent opposition in order to increase turnout and split the votes of the systemic opposition. Based on a database of candidates from single-member districts (SMD) in the 2021 regional parliamentary elections in Russia with more than 2,200 unique observations, we show how the participation of candidates from the newly created New People, Green Alternative, and the Russian Party of Freedom and Justice affected the electoral results of United Russia and two parties of the ‘old’ systemic opposition.
Хорольская М. В., Katashevich E., Современная Европа 2025 № 2 С. 38–52
The article analyses the degree of correspondence between the political positioning of German parties and the social composition of their parliamentary groups in the 20th Bundestag. The study is based on German parties’ manifestos prepared for elections in 2021, as well as the authors' dataset containing information about the sociodemographic characteristics of members of the ...
Added: June 20, 2026
Попов Д. И., В кн.: Северная Европа: политика безопасности вчера и сегодня. Доклады Института Европы № 425Вып. 425.: М.: Институт Европы РАН, 2025. С. 48–55.
"The politics of memory," the use of the past by various political forces to achieve present goals, remains relevant in the Swedish political system in the context of inter-party struggle. This chapter examines the main approaches of Sweden's parliamentary parties to remembering various events of the past. It is shown that there are no fundamental ...
Added: May 13, 2026
Makarenko B., Международная аналитика 2025 Т. 16 № 4 С. 11–20
The article analyzes mutual impact of national elections and foreign policy. Such impact is two-way, though its scope is limited. On one hand, salient foreign policy successes may facilitate re-election of incumbent parties or leaders, while visible failures may bring about their electoral defeat. On the other hand, change of rulers or ruling parties may ...
Added: March 18, 2026
Makarenko B., Политическая наука 2026 № 1 С. 85–111
The article deals with changes in the processes of formation of
government coalitions in 16 European countries during the two recent decades (4 most
recent cycles of parliamentary elections). The author states that these processes become
more complicated: many party systems get fragmented, the median size of the coalition
tends to decline, coalitions do not enjoy majority support in ...
Added: March 17, 2026
Чихачев А. Ю., Научно-аналитический вестник Института Европы РАН 2022 № 2 С. 59–70
This article discusses the results of French presidential election held on 10 and 24 April 2022. It is noted that electoral campaign has developed against the background of further fragmentation of the society, its transformation into a kind of «archipelago» with numerous internal confrontations. Yet, despite the series of crises during his presidency, Emmanuel Macron ...
Added: January 7, 2026
Petrov I., Актуальные проблемы Европы 2025 № 2(126) С. 43–65
The article analyzes the attitude of the three poles of European party politics - the center-right, the center-left, and the right-populists - to the election of Donald Trump as the 47th President of the United States, and also asks the question of whether a similar turnaround based on the coming to power of a "grand ...
Added: October 20, 2025
Petrov I., Полития: Анализ. Хроника. Прогноз 2024 № 2(113) С. 119–137
The article presents an original classification of patterns of transformation of party systems in EU countries under the influence of the institutionalization of a new post-industrial cleavage. Drawing on theories of cleavage and spatial competition and using party positioning databases, electoral indices and statistics, the author attempts to identify the main trajectories of the transformation ...
Added: October 1, 2024
Makarenko B., Политическая наука 2024 № 2 С. 218–236
The article substantiates the need to develop a universal index of
institutionalized competition and participation to be applied for assessing political
regimes in different states. This need is dictated by changes in societies and channels of
social communication produced by modernization and political development. In
political science, it is customary to consider such processes in the context of
democratization, but, ...
Added: May 31, 2024
Мельвилль А. Ю., Политическая наука 2024 № 2 С. 218–236
The article substantiates the need to develop a universal index of
institutionalized competition and participation to be applied for assessing political
regimes in different states. This need is dictated by changes in societies and channels of
social communication produced by modernization and political development. In
political science, it is customary to consider such processes in the context of
democratization, but, ...
Added: May 29, 2024
Kaspe S. I., Russia in Global Affairs 2024 Vol. 22 No. 2(86) P. 62–95
While agreeing with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri that the state of the modern world can be characterized as a “global civil war,” the author elaborates and expands this judgement. Using the ancient Greek notions of ‘stasis’ and ‘polemos,’ he shows that these two modes of war can merge and produce not only negative but ...
Added: April 2, 2024
Kaspe S. I., Россия в глобальной политике 2024 Т. 22 № 2 С. 97–130
Соглашаясь с Майклом Хардтом и Антонио Негри в том, что состояние современного мира может быть охарактеризовано как «глобальная гражданская война», Святослав Каспэ углубляет и расширяет эту констатацию. Используя известные древнегреческие понятия «стасис» и «полемос», он показывает, что смешение этих двух модусов войны может иметь не только негативные, но и позитивные эффекты – поскольку ограниченное и ...
Added: March 5, 2024
Ankudinov I., Inshakov I., Вестник Московского университета. Серия 12: Политические науки 2023 Т. 1 № 1 С. 98–118
For the most part, electoral and party research today is centered on the behavior of voters in two or four major clusters that can be conventionally placed on a scale from left to right. On the same scale, there are smaller groups whose value of separation is often questioned. This paper focuses on one of ...
Added: November 6, 2023
Novik N., , in: The Presidentialization of Political Parties in Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus.: Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023. Ch. 3 P. 73–115.
The chapter examines the specifics and limits of presidentialization of parties in Kazakhstan. The strong influence of clan elites on party politics is emphasized. The basis of the state structure of Kazakhstan is an informal ‘constitution’ based on agreements and economic and political interests of the clans. Nursultan Nazarbayev, who was the permanent President of ...
Added: April 17, 2023
Krivushin I., Glaser M., , in: The Presidentialization of Political Parties in Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus.: Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023. Ch. 5 P. 169–195.
The chapter brings together various new insights contained in the individual chapters, to draw from them a number of important conclusions regarding to the role of the Russian, Belarusian, and Kazakh Presidents in party politics and its presidentialization. The analysis of the political systems of these three countries shows that, in each of these states, ...
Added: April 13, 2023
Makarenko B., Избирательное законодательство и практика 2023 № 1 С. 24–30
The article summarizes findings of a comparative research effort analyzing legislation that regulates the activity of political parties in countries which introduced multi-party competition in 1970s-1990s. The article analyzes reasons and motivation why these countries introduced specific legislative acts on political parties, singling out specific features of such legislation in sub-samples of former Soviet republics, ...
Added: April 13, 2023
Makarenko B., Petrov I., Полис. Политические исследования 2023 № 1 С. 11–28
The article analyzes the prerequisites and features of the evolution of political party systems in 25
member countries of the European Union in the past three decades. To complete the analysis, the authors
elaborated a unique index of measurement of party’s manifestos, which enabled them to provide a typology
of ideological and political doctrines of political parties. This ...
Added: January 31, 2023
Kutyrev G., , in: The global reset: insights from regions.: M.: Advanced Solutions, 2022. P. 23–36.
В главе на основе новых источников анализируется стратегия и тактика администрации Педро Санчеса в рамках урегулирования кризиса, вызванного пандемией COVID-19. Проблема рассматривается как частный пример выработки лидером ИСРП механизмов борьбы с чрезвычайной ситуацией в условиях эрозии международных правил и институтов, порыва к максимальной суверенизации государств, как результата закрытия границ. Автор оценивает степень готовности системы здравоохранения Испании ...
Added: January 26, 2023
Galstyan N., Актуальные проблемы российского права 2023 Т. 18 № 1 С. 43–59
The paper analyzes the status of election commissions as safeguards of ensuring and protecting political competition in the Russian Federation. Political competition is considered in the context of elections as a mechanism for implementing constitutional principles of alternation of power and ensuring political rights of participants in electoral relations. The paper describes a specific place ...
Added: January 26, 2023
Solovyov K., М.: РОССПЭН, 2022.
The collective monograph is devoted to the history of political parties of the Russian Empire for the entire period of their existence ‒ from the appearance of the first proto-party organizations in the early 1900s to the complete disappearance of party structures during the Great Russian Revolution and the Civil War. The book examines the ...
Added: January 10, 2023
Makarenko B., Мировая экономика и международные отношения 2022 Т. 66 № 12 С. 16–26
The article explores the process of fragmentation of political party systems in 25 member countries of the European
Union during the last three decades (since 1990s). The analysis starts with discussion on prerequisites of fragmentation through the theoretical lens of the works of S. Lipset/S. Rokkan and A. Lijphart. The main prerequisite is accretion of the ...
Added: December 14, 2022
Gaivoronsky Y., Полис. Политические исследования 2023 № 3 С. 114–131
The article is devoted to split-ticket voting in the 2016 State Duma elections. After the re-introducing of the mixed electoral system, voting for both the list of the party A and a candidate nominated by the party B appears to be popular among the electorates. This fact contradicts the conventional wisdom that institutionalized party systems ...
Added: December 11, 2022
Vershinin A. I., Конституционное и муниципальное право 2021 № 9 С. 76–80
Political party is the one of the main elements of civil society, acting as a link between citizens and the state. With the development of civil rights and freedoms, the right to unite in associations, freedom of assembly and association the principles of ideological diversity and multiparty system had been enshrined in the Constitutions and ...
Added: November 10, 2022
L.: Routledge, 2022.
This book examines the political parties which emerged in the former Ottoman, Qing, Russian, and Habsburg empires and not only took over government power, but merged with government itself. It discusses how these parties, disillusioned with previous constitutional and parliamentary reforms, justified their takeovers with programs of controlled or supervised economic and social development, including ...
Added: August 11, 2022