The processing of Russian idioms in Heritage Russian speakers and L2 Russian learners

Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: Лингвистика и межкультурная коммуникация. 2023. Vol. 21. No. 4. P. 115–130.

Ekaterina M. Gridneva, Nina S. Zdorova, Anastasiya A. Ivanenko, Maria A. Grabovskaya

The use of idioms differentiates native speakers (NSs) from second language (L2) learners, whereas the use of idioms by Heritage speakers (HSs) might resemble both groups simultaneously. This study examines the processing of idioms in Heritage Russian speakers (N = 16) and L2 Russian learners (N = 16), comparing them to Russian native speakers as a control group (N = 23). Heritage speakers acquire Russian similarly to the first language acquisition in their family. This enables them to have a more naturalistic approach to language than L2 learners. However, Heritage speakers are also similar to L2 learners as their Russian language competence is still not native-like due to insufficient language input. To test whether idiom processing in HSs resembles that of L2 learners or rather in NSs, we conducted a self-paced reading experiment. The idioms were divided into three categories based on the cross-language influence factor: having full English equivalents, semi-equivalents, or no-equivalents. Our findings showed no significant difference in idiom processing in HSs and L2 learners, whereas their processing significantly differed from NSs of Russian. Also, we found different processing for full and semi-equivalent idioms (in the HS and L2 groups). Full and no-equivalent idioms were also processed differently in all three groups.

Keywords: билингвизм, русский как иностранный, heritage speakers, bilinguals, idiom processing, обработка идиом, Second language learners, selfpaced reading, cross-language overlap, cross-language influence, эритажные носители, чтение с регулировкой скорости, межъязыковое влияние