Политическая субъектность науки как тема философии науки

Вопросы философии. 2023. № 9. С. 71–82.

Porus V. N.

Is the science capable to act as the subject of political action? This question is
considered as one of themes of the modern philosophy of science. It could not
be posed within the framework of the philosophy of science concentrated only
on the analysis of logical structures of scientific knowledge or on problems
of its dynamics defined by procedures of rational reconstruction of history
of science. In this framework, influence of factors of a sociо-cultural context
on the formal and substantive aspects of scientific processes was not a subject
of the philosophical analysis. However, the internal logic in development
of philosophy of science led to expansion of a circle of its interests. This circle
included processes of interfluence of science and the cultural environment in its
historical development. It affected sense of the major epistemic values: truth,
objectivity, rationality. Their interpretation as variable dependent on a sociоcultural
context led to relativism which, in fact, devaluated the philosophical
analysis of science. In attempts to counteract relativism the idea of political
agency of science had to be rejected, which contradicted the obvious realities.
The philosophy of science became in need of reform. Its initiator was historical
and socio-cultural epistemology. The central thesis of reform is recognition
of equal rights, continuity and interdependence of the principles of truth, ob -
jectivity and historicism forming triple complementarity (by analogy with
the well-known principle of N. Bohr). In the reformed philosophy of science
political agency of science is a fact and a factor in the development of both
the science itself, and the socio-cultural context.

 

Keywords: философия науки, принцип историзма, политическая субъектность науки, основные эпистемические ценности, реформа философии науки