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Evaluation of the Operational Parameters of Single-Photon Detectors in Quantum Key Distribution Devices
Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing. 2023. Vol. 59. P. 148–155.
Zavodilenko V. V., Losev A. V., Filyaev A. A., Pavlov I. D.
Automated measuring stand (AMS) for evaluation of the operational parameters of single-photon detectors (SPD) has been developed together with the software that implements the method of evaluating SPD efficiency parameters from the experimental data measured with AMS. We present graphical interface of the software, which allows generating recommendations for configuring operation mode of the detector and its subsequent integration into the quantum key distribution (QKD) system. Successful tests of the results of our work enable their implementation in the SPD production process.
Losev A. V., Filyaev A. A., Zavodilenko V. V. et al., Journal of Russian Laser Research 2023 Vol. 44 P. 156–162
We construct a model of InGaAs/InAlAs single-photon avalanche diodes in the T-CAD computing environment, in order to predict their electrical parameters, when they work as a part of single-photon detectors. The obtained results are applicable for optimizing the design of single-photon avalanche photodiodes for the use as sensitive elements in light detection devices. The main ...
Added: May 16, 2023
Losev A., Zavodilenko V. V., Koziy A. et al., IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 2022 Vol. 58 No. 3 P. 1–11
We have performed a detailed study of the dependence of afterpulse probability in InGaAs/InP sine-gated SPAD on the dead time and the existing approach for its implementation. We demonstrated an electrical scheme combining sinusoidal gating and active reset. We have shown when such solutions are beneficial from the key distribution point of view, and enough ...
Added: May 12, 2023
Gerasin I. S., Mekhtiev E. E., Maksimova E. L. et al., St. Petersburg Polytechnical University Journal: Physics and Mathematics 2022 Vol. 15 No. 3.3 P. 198–201
The preparation of indistinguishable quantum states by remote users is one of the crucial tasks in MDI-QKD. To solve this problem, laser injection techniques or modulation of the CW laser on the transceiver side are used. These techniques require a complex setup or a pair of modulators. Here we present a different setup for generating ...
Added: May 11, 2023
Mekhtiev E. E., Gerasin I. S., Rudavin N. V. et al., St. Petersburg Polytechnical University Journal: Physics and Mathematics 2022 Vol. 15 No. 3.3 P. 194–197
We present a novel soft-ware based method to ensure independent lasers mutual coherence required for practical realization of advanced Measurement Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution (MDI-QKD) protocols. Proof of principle experiment has proved validity of the method, providing mutual coherence time while upper bound dictated by uncontrollable phase drift in optical fiber being ~ 100 ...
Added: May 11, 2023
N. V. Rudavin, Gerasin I. S., Mekhtiev E. E. et al., St. Petersburg Polytechnical University Journal: Physics and Mathematics 2022 Vol. 15 No. 3.2 P. 56–60
Commercial fiber quantum key distribution systems require the implementation of a protocol for synchronizing the frequency synthesizers of the transmitter and receiver nodes. Frequency mismatch may be due to temperature fluctuations, mechanical effects and imperfections in the technological processes. In this work, an algorithm for automatically adjusting Alice's and Bob's frequency to Charlie's frequency is ...
Added: December 19, 2022
Rudavin N V, Gerasin I. S., Mekhtiev E. E. et al., Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021 Vol. 2086 Article 012098
Polarization-encoding fiber QKD requires compensation of polarization distortion caused by birefringence in optical fiber. Solving this task inevitably requires losing some effectiveness in terms of the final key rate. In this work, a time-division multiplexing protocol for polarisation calibration is suggested. This protocol was implemented in a QRate commercial QKD fiber system, utilizing BB84-protocol. Parameters ...
Added: May 18, 2022
Mekhtiev E. E., Gerasin I. S., Rudavin N V et al., Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021 Vol. 2086 Article 012092
The crucial task for polarization-encoding fiber QKD is to compensate polarization drift occurring in a quantum channel. To solve this problem, the receiver usually uses a polarization controller. For proper operation, this device must be efficiently managed in real-time. In this work, a gradient-descent-based algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. The algorithm was implemented ...
Added: May 18, 2022
Elezov M., Roman Ozhegov, Gregory Goltsman et al., Optics Express 2019 Vol. 27 No. 21 P. 30979–30988
We present an active anti-latching system for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. We experimentally test it against a bright-light attack, previously used to compromise security of quantum key distribution. Although our system detects continuous blinding, the detector is shown to be partially blindable and controllable by specially tailored sequences of bright pulses. Improvements to the countermeasure ...
Added: October 23, 2019
Moshkova M., Divochiy A., Morozov P. et al., Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics 2019 Vol. 36 No. 3 P. B20–B25
The use of improved fabrication technology, highly disordered NbN thin films, and intertwined section topology makes it possible to create high-performance photon-number-resolving superconducting single-photon detectors (PNR SSPDs) that are comparable to conventional single-element SSPDs at the telecom range. The developed four-section PNR SSPD has simultaneously an 86±3%86±3% system detection efficiency, 35 cps dark count rate, ∼2 ns∼2 ns dead time, and maximum ...
Added: January 9, 2019
Seleznev V., Divochiy A., Vakhtomin Y. et al., Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2016 Vol. 737 No. 012032 P. 1–9
We have developed the deposition technology of WSi thin films 4 to 9 nm thick with high temperature values of superconducting transition (Tc~4 K). Based on deposed films there were produced nanostructures with indicative planar sizes ~100 nm, and the research revealed that even on nanoscale the films possess of high critical temperature values of ...
Added: November 24, 2017
Vetter A., Ferrari S., Rath P. et al., Nano Letters 2016 Vol. 16 No. 11 P. 7085–7092
Ultrafast single-photon detectors with high efficiency are of utmost importance for many applications in the context of integrated quantum photonic circuits. Detectors based on superconductor nanowires attached to optical waveguides are particularly appealing for this purpose. However, their speed is limited because the required high absorption efficiency necessitates long nanowires deposited on top of the ...
Added: February 2, 2017
Rath P., Vetter A., Kovalyuk V. et al., , in: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. San Francisco, California, United States | February 13, 2016Т. 9750: Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XX.: Беллингхем: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2016. P. 97500T-1– 97500T-8.
We report on the design, fabrication and measurement of travelling-wave superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with polycrystalline diamond photonic circuits. We analyze their performance both in the near-infrared wavelength regime around 1600 nm and at 765 nm. Near-IR detection is important for compatibility with the telecommunication infrastructure, while operation in the visible wavelength range ...
Added: October 29, 2016
Khasminskaya S., Pyatkov F., Stowik K. et al., Nature Photonics 2016 Vol. 10 P. 727–733
Photonic quantum technologies allow quantum phenomena to be exploited in applications such as quantum cryptography, quantum simulation and quantum computation. A key requirement for practical devices is the scalable integration of single-photon sources, detectors and linear optical elements on a common platform. Nanophotonic circuits enable the realization of complex linear optical systems, while non-classical light ...
Added: October 20, 2016
Lusche R., Semenov A., Ilin K. et al., Journal of Applied Physics 2014 Vol. 116 No. 4 P. 043906-1–043906-9
A thorough spectral study of the intrinsic single-photon detection efficiency in superconducting TaN and NbN nanowires with different widths has been performed. The experiment shows that the cut-off of the intrinsic detection efficiency at near-infrared wavelengths is most likely controlled by the local suppression of the barrier for vortex nucleation around the absorption site. Beyond ...
Added: February 24, 2016
Vodolazov D. Y., Korneeva Y. P., Semenov A. V. et al., Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 2015 Vol. 92 No. 10 P. 104503-1–104503-9
We use an external magnetic field to probe the detection mechanism of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. We argue that the hot belt model (which assumes partial suppression of the superconducting order parameter Delta across the whole width of the superconducting nanowire after absorption of the photon) does not explain observed weak-field dependence of the ...
Added: October 10, 2015
Murphy A., Semenov A., Korneev A. et al., Scientific Reports 2015 Vol. 5 P. 10174
We perform measurements of the switching current distributions of three w nm wide, 4 nm thick NbN superconducting strips which are used for single-photon detectors. These strips are much wider than the diameter of the vortex cores, so they are classified as quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D). We discover evidence of macroscopic quantum tunneling by observing the saturation ...
Added: September 3, 2015