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June 11, 2026
Doctoral Student at HSE University Reveals Hidden Layout of Ancient Parion
İdil Malgil, a researcher at HSE University, conducted a UAV-based LiDAR survey of the ancient Roman city of Parion in present-day Turkey. The high density of the scans allowed the team to detect subtle terrain features concealed beneath the ground and vegetation. The survey revealed traces of entire neighbourhoods, terraced structures, and walls that had remained invisible during routine excavations and could not be identified through aerial photography. The findings have been published in Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia.
June 11, 2026
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June 11, 2026
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Кельзен, теория толкования и структура правового порядка

Российский ежегодник теории права. 2011. Т. 4. С. 196–204.
Тропер М.
Translator: Antonov M.

In this article M. Troper sets out the key ideas of his realist theory of legal interpretation through juxtaposition of these ideas to the conception of interpretation developed by the Austrian philosopher Hans Kelsen. Troper insists that logical coherence of the Kelsenian understanding of a legal norm as of a meaning inevitably leads to the idea that the real legislator is not a parliament but a judge who applies the legal texts created by a parliament. Determining the norms from these legal texts, the judges form the real legal order which consists of several particular judicial orders.

Priority areas: law
Language: Russian
Full text
Keywords: legal realismHans KelsenГанс Кельзенправовой реализмauthentic interpretationаутентичное толкованиеbasic normосновная норма
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