Феноменологическое и постструктуралистское прочтение §§54-60 "Бытия и времени"

HORIZON. Феноменологические исследования. 2023. Т. 12. № 1. С. 159–172.

Chernavin G.

The article builds on Husserl's “trivial” observations from the manuscript “Reason – Science. Reason and Morality – Reason and Metaphysics” on the topic of conscience, to then question the neglect of the topic of misguided conscience or self-deception in Heidegger's model of conscience from §§54-60 of Being and Time. In Heidegger's conception of conscience (as a silent call appealing to the authenticity of Dasein) we will not find a number of points important to the Husserlian understanding of conscience: neither the unrevealed horizons of prior life, nor the relativity of intersubjective contexts, nor a misguided (and doubting) conscience, still less a search for (presumed) evidence. That said, the way Heidegger axiomatically sets up the original culpability of Dasein creates a number of dead ends or blind spots in this model. It is to these that Mark Richir addresses in his interpretation (or, more precisely, two alternative interpretations), speaking of the “original symbolic mishap” that befell Dasein, and then of the “symbolic tautology” in which it has become a prisoner. Richir's critique is not aimed at “overcoming” Heidegger's model of conscience, but at demonstrating a transcendental illusion – probably inevitable for one who is guided by “authenticity” and the “inner voice”. This is a kind of critical phenomenology of “authenticity”, which manages to avoid the closedness of phenomenology in itself by “grafting” in it poststructuralism. This is why both the first and the second interpretation by the Belgian phenomenologist focus on the problem of symbolic structures: “original symbolic mishap” in the first case and “symbolic tautology” in the second.

Keywords: феноменология, вина, постструктурализм, phenomenology, guilt, conscience, совесть, Эдмунд Гуссерль, Мартин Хайдеггер, Edmund Husserl, Marc Richir, Martin Heidegger, Poststructuralism, Марк Ришир

Publication based on the results of: О феноменологической революции: истоки философского проекта Марка Ришира (2021)