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Социология по земле пешком и с высоты полета квадрокоптера. Сельские дома и деревенская жизнь Ближнего Севера России (на примере Костромской области)
Rural settlements and rural life in the Near North experience multidirectional impacts, being at the crossroads of natural and ecological zones, economic and economic patterns, and modernization challenges. The relatively low fertility of non-chernozem soils and harsh winters in market conditions make agricultural production and farm initiatives uncompetitive. The steady centripetal migration of rural residents to cities, out-migration, relatively low life expectancy of the working-age population, accelerated demographic aging and, simultaneously, the centrifugal influx of dacha residents from big cities, affecting the gradual transformation of lifestyle ─ these are the main profiles and thematic nodes of this study. Macro- and micro-trends of changes in rural life are analyzed through the prism of settlement patterns, living conditions, material culture, and economic practices on the material of in-depth study of the out-of-town settlement locus along the Unzha River between Manturovo and Makariev, Kostroma region. Traditional methods of sociological observations, surveys and analysis of statistics are supplemented by quadcopter surveys of villages with the subsequent transcription and analysis of the data obtained. Special attention is paid to the architectural and planning typology of houses and the analysis of the functional structure of modern rural estates, which, in the researchers' opinion, most objectively reflects both the history of the development of villages and rural lifestyle and the modern economic and socio-cultural evolution of "small territories", their involvement in the processes of social transformation in the Near North.