Исчисление срока предъявления исполнительного документа к исполнению в случае возвращения исполнительного документа по инициативе взыскателя

Вестник гражданского процесса. 2022. Т. 12. № 3. С. 32–46.

А.В. Ильин

The rules established by the Law on Enforcement Proceedings on the interruption of the period for the presentation of the enforcement document for execution do not allow for a clear and unambiguous understanding of the procedure for calculating the said period in the case when the enforcement document is presented for execution again after it was
previously presented for execution, but was withdrawn at the initiative of the claimant. 

This problem, illustrating the difficulty of establishing a balance between the interests of the claimant and the debtor, not in the abstract, but in specific cases, has become the subject of consideration by both the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. However, the decisions proposed by the high courts came into conflict with each other. In the article, the approaches of the legislator and the supreme courts to calculating the time limit for the presentation of an executive document for execution are critically analyzed from both dogmatic and constitutional-legal positions. The author justifies the need to refuse to break the deadline for the presentation of the enforcement document for execution in the event of the return of the enforcement document on the initiative of the recoverer. If the enforcement document, after its presentation for execution, was withdrawn by the recoverer on the basis of his application, then the three-year period for the presentation of the enforcement  document for execution must be calculated from the moment the right to enforcement arises, which is extended for the period during which the enforcement document was executed in the territorial division of the bailiff service until its return to the recoverer.

Keywords: the principle of legal certainty, принцип правовой определенности, deadline for the presentation of the enforcement document for execution, break of the term, suspension of the term, balance of interests of the recoverer and the debtor, срок предъявления исполнительного документа к исполнению, перерыв срока, приостановление срока, баланс интересов взыскателя и должника