Воздействие ветровала на структуру и фитомассу древостоев кедровников и березняков центрального Сихотэ-Алиня

Лесоведение. 2022. № 2. С. 132–143.

Иванов А. В., Сало М. А., Бондарчук С. Н., Zamolodchikov D., Могилева А. В., Кочкарина Н. А.

An assessment of the windfall impact on the structure and phytomass of Siberian pine and birch forests stands was carried out based on the materials of surveys from permanent sample plots (PSP) on the territory of the Sikhote-Alin biosphere reserve, on the eastern macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, where, due to the impact of the Lionrock typhoon, the forest stand got damaged. The 2016 windfall is a catastrophic phenomenon unprecedented in the history of the reserve. More than 9% of the forest cover of the special protected area has been transformed into windfall areas. The initial materials for the analysis were obtained during the inspections of the test plots performed before and after the windfall. The inter-inspection period for different objects is 8–18 years. The stock of aboveground phytomass was determined using the forest inventory data and the regional allometric equations. As a result of the windfall, the average stock of Siberian pine forests decreased from 552 to 298 m3 ha–1, while the birch forests’ area decreased from 253 to 163 m3 ha–1. The total growth rate for Siberian pine and birch forests was 6.2 and 5.5 m3 ha–1 year–1, respectively, and the loss was 13.6 and 9.8 m3 ha–1 year–1, respectively. The average phytomass stock of the pine stands is 291 t ha–1, the birch stands – 210 t ha–1. The phytomass reserves of the birch forests decreased as a result of windfall by 35%, and the pine forests – by 44%. The carbon stock of 150 t C ha–1 can be considered the maximum carbon capacity of the phytomass for pine forests of the middle and upper altitudinal belt, which can be used to assess the depositing potential of disturbed forests of this formation. Of the conifers, spruce, fir and Siberian pine are less resistant to windfall. For aspen and flat-leaved birch, the impact of the typhoon enhances their natural loss from the stand composition. The most resistant species were maples, Amur linden and larch.

Keywords: productivity, продуктивность, growth, timber stock, Lionrock typhoon, phytomass, запас древесины, прирост, тайфун Lionrock, фитомасса