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К истокам человекоразмерности научного знания: разговор в истории медицины
The cultural-historical dimension of modern science implies looking at it from a particular position. First of all, the inclusion of a person in a general scientific context is taken into account - as an actor who is simultaneously inside the scientific process, and at the same time, as an observer who analyzes it from the outside. What is especially important, in this case, is not only analysis is carried out, but a discussion, a conversation takes place: a person of science relies on an interlocutor, a colleague, and a reader. Referring to methodological developments in the philosophy of science V.S. Stepin confirms that in the context of cultural-historical issues, research on the history and philosophy of science has a significant feature - it is their focus on concretizing the history of scientific knowledge. Not just a generalization and understanding of the philosophy of science as some kind of construction, but a movement towards a specific historical experience and a person who existed and acted in this experience. In the center are individual, existential, ethical perspectives of history and philosophy of science, since it is the scientist, the representative of science, who comes to the fore. And in this sense, V.S. Stepin's notion “Human-sizedness” acquires a particular methodological orientation. As an illustration of the human-sized nature of scientific knowledge, it is proposed to turn to a conversation in the history of medicine - to the communication of domestic and foreign surgeons of the 19th century.