Будущее Европы: политическая дискуссия о перспективах интеграционного проекта ЕС

Сравнительное конституционное обозрение. 2021. № 5. С. 15–41.

Medushevsky A. N.

The European integration project as designed by its founders seventy years ago is experiencing difficulties
in the current conditions of globalization, confronting challenges which were unpredictable
beforehand. Many of these are of crucial character for the European Union, putting in question its
constitutional organization, institutional structure, and political sustainability in the international
balance of power. The list of most important issues includes ones like the yet incomplete character of
the Union’s legal construction, which is balanced between supranational and national forms of regulation;
the erosion of legitimacy of European institutions; the growing democracy deficits in transnational
and national governance; the decline of solidarity in inter-governmental relations; and the falling
level of accountability and decision-making mechanisms in Europe. The very natural response to
these problems was a Pan-European discussion, stimulated by European elites after Brexit, on the
future of the European project in order to frame existing opinions, provide a fresh start to “the European
dream”, and possibly find appropriate solutions to legitimacy problems. An analysis of this ongoing discussion is the main subject of this article. This analysis involves such key issues as the future
role of the EU founding agreements, as to keeping them or amending them in order to reconstruct the
European constitutional settlement. It demonstrates the complex nature of the basic communitarian
concept, in view of its various interpretations by different ideological trends such as cosmopolitism
and confederation and federation movements. It explores the current agenda of institutional reforms
involving parliamentarian and presidential strategies and reviews proposed solutions of the European
leadership problem. The conclusion of the article makes it clear that the European Union is confronted
today with the most dramatic challenge in its entire history. It consists in the necessity of making a
decisive choice between two polar options — to preserve an amorphous conglomerate of states or to
establish a new federal state. This must be done in a rather short period in order to avoid falling apart
and to become a full-fledged and independent global political player.

Keywords: Европейский Союз, федерация, космополитизм, конфедерация, Конституция Европейского Союза;, коммунитаризм;

Publication based on the results of: Глобальный конституционализм: проекты, стратегии продвижения, политический вклад (2020)