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К истолкованию метафор и образных сравнений в Псалтири: subtilitas intelligendi – subtilitas explicandi – subtilitas applicandi
The article examines, on the example of the sacred Psalter explanations, numerous metaphorical descriptions with the intention to reconstruct the procedures and operations for extracting the spiritual meaning from the veil of the literal meaning. According to the authoritative explanations on the matter, metaphors and figurative comparisons used by the psalm singer differ in their inherent meaning despite the coincidence in the semantic mechanism of transposition and the need for their subsequent transformation in explanation. Some of them reflect in the poetic way David’s state of mind; others are filled with a deeper spiritual meaning. As a consequence, instructions for their interpretation become different. In the figurative-symbolic interpretation, explaining conditions for the choice of an auxiliary object, it is the nearest linguistic context that becomes the interpretative instruction; and when there’s no such context it is a presumption of similarity by which X can be linked to Y in expressions like “God, the horn of my salvation”. In the symbolic-allegorical interpretation, designed to explain metaphorical expressions at a different level of understanding, it is the presumption of spiritual meaning that becomes the instruction explaining metaphorical expressions in accordance with the rules of the Christian exegesis as a prefiguration of the New Testament history (in the typological reading), as a norm of moral behavior (in the tropological reading), and as the fulfillment of promises (in the anagogic reading). The basics of hermeneutics are implemented in the following way: subtilitas intelligendi, subtilitas explicandi and subtilitas applicandi.