Фрагмент лексической системы казымского диалекта хантыйского языка: глаголы pitti ‘упасть, попасть’ и χɔjti ‘задеть, попасть’ и их аргументная структура

Урало-алтайские исследования. 2022. № 2 (45). С. 123–140.

Ryzhova D.

The paper describes semantics of the Kazym Khanty verbs pitti ‘to fall; to get into somewhere’ and χɔjti ‘to touch; to hit the target’ under the framework of the frame-based approach to lexical typology, according to which a word acquires different meanings in different context types. The sets of physical meanings of the verbs in question are identified and illustrated, with a special focus on the domain of variation between pitti and χɔjti. It is shown that these verbs concur in contexts involving the semantics of either getting (occasionally) into somewhere (cf. A fly got into my soup) or hitting the target (cf. The arrow hit him in the arm). Evidence from Kazym Khanty, as well as from available cross-linguistic data, suggests that these meanings are adjacent to each other, while the meaning ‘to get into somewhere’ is closer to the domain of falling, and the meaning ‘to hit the target’ is closer to the domain of physical contact. Thus, the meanings ‘to fall’, ‘to get into somewhere’, ‘to hit the target’, and ‘to touch’ form a semantic continuum. This hypothesis is additionally supported by morphosyntactic variation in encoding of the patientive argument of the verb χɔjti, which seems to be influenced by the morphological pattern inherent to the verb pitti.

Keywords: argument structure, лексическая семантика, lexical typology, lexical semantics, лексическая типология, аргументная структура, Northern Khanty, севернохантыйский язык, semantic continuity, семантическая смежность