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Мораль ученых и научный этос: ревизия концепций и новый подход
Since R. K. Merton there have been numerous attempts to show the relevance of moral questions to the problem of scientific activity. Their emergence and development, which coincided with the growth of broader interest in moral issues in the social sciences and was partly due to actual historical events, changes in the structure of science and its interaction with society, led to an opportunity to speak not only of «indirect» and «derived» moral character of the scientist's activity, in Durkheim's terms, but also of the scientists' morality. With a focus on addressing the process of scientific knowledge production, the article provides an overview of the current approaches to discovering the morality of scientists. The article offers an insight into ideas that can be used as one of the sources of intuitions and hypotheses for further research. In this regard, it is shown that the relevance of interest in the morality of scientists requires updating and strategies for its analysis, with a discussion of existing tools in the sociological repertoire that can form the basis of contemporary analysis of morality in science. A set of modern conceptions of the morality of scientists and their possible reflection in empirical research is then presented.