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Платежеспособность в страховании: история и современность
In the 70s of the twentieth century, several directives were introduced in the European Union under the collective name Solvency-I, which spelled out the requirements for the solvency of insurance organizations and their capital. Such rules were supposed to force insurers to minimize the likelihood of bankruptcy by maintaining the necessary level of their stability. Due to significant changes in the economies of European countries, including in the insurance market, there is a need to make modifications to the existing regulations. A new Solvency-II Directive was adopted. One of the main differences between Solvency-II and Solvency-I is the use of a risk-based approach (ROP) when setting requirements for the solvency of the insurer. Russia signed the WTO accession agreement in 2012. Therefore, all organizations must comply with key parameters, not only Russian, but also European legislation. Initially, the requirements of the Russian legislation corresponded to the Solvency-I Directive. However, now Russian insurance companies need to switch to the requirements of the Solvency-II Directive. An important point for the companies ' activities is the differences between these two documents, so the purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the requirements of Solvency-I and Solvency-II, taking into account certain specific characteristics of economic activity in Russia.
Our work is devoted to a brief overview of the creation and development of the Solvency-I and Solvency-II Directives, the advantages and disadvantages of the Solvency-II Directive currently operating in the EU, as well as a brief description of its structure and main requirements. The study will also present the specifics of the implementation of the technical requirements imposed by the Directive. At the same time, the difficulties of their application to the Russian reality will be taken into account.