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October 14, 2026
At HSE University–St Petersburg, Experts Discuss How AI Changes Tourist Routes and Cultural Heritage
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Does Education Indoctrinate?

International Journal of Educational Development. 2020. Vol. 78. P. 102249.
Diwan I., Vartanova I.

Do states manage to build education systems that produce students with political values they uphold? We test the indoctrination hypothesis using World Value Survey data spanning 96 countries. We devise an empirical strategy that can identify the effects of education on political values by using information about the political regime under which individuals live, and regimes under which they got educated. Our results suggest that state indoctrination is at work. For example, we find that higher education increases voting behavior by at least 45 percent more for cohorts that have studied in a democratic rather than an autocratic country.

Research target: Social Sciences Psychology Sociology (including Demography and Anthropology Education
Priority areas: sociology
Language: English
DOI
Text on another site
Keywords: votingindoctrinationdemocratic valuesopinion pollscivic actionpreference for democracyelite and mass education systemsstate socialization
Publication based on the results of:
The role of values and institutions in cultural differences by country and region (2020)
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