• A
  • A
  • A
  • АБВ
  • АБВ
  • АБВ
  • A
  • A
  • A
  • A
  • A
Обычная версия сайта
  • RU
  • EN
  • HSE University
  • Publications
  • Articles
  • Как тиун Яким белок считал (к интерпретации берестяной грамоты № 1021)
  • RU
  • EN
Расширенный поиск
Высшая школа экономики
Национальный исследовательский университет
Priority areas
  • business informatics
  • economics
  • engineering science
  • humanitarian
  • IT and mathematics
  • law
  • management
  • mathematics
  • sociology
  • state and public administration
by year
  • 2028
  • 2027
  • 2026
  • 2025
  • 2024
  • 2023
  • 2022
  • 2021
  • 2020
  • 2019
  • 2018
  • 2017
  • 2016
  • 2015
  • 2014
  • 2013
  • 2012
  • 2011
  • 2010
  • 2009
  • 2008
  • 2007
  • 2006
  • 2005
  • 2004
  • 2003
  • 2002
  • 2001
  • 2000
  • 1999
  • 1998
  • 1997
  • 1996
  • 1995
  • 1994
  • 1993
  • 1992
  • 1991
  • 1990
  • 1989
  • 1988
  • 1987
  • 1986
  • 1985
  • 1984
  • 1983
  • 1982
  • 1981
  • 1980
  • 1979
  • 1978
  • 1977
  • 1976
  • 1975
  • 1974
  • 1973
  • 1972
  • 1971
  • 1970
  • 1969
  • 1968
  • 1967
  • 1966
  • 1965
  • 1964
  • 1963
  • 1958
  • More
Subject
News
September 25, 2026
AI Users Earn Up to 41.8% More Than Non-Users
Research conducted by economists at HSE University has revealed a significant correlation between the regular use of GenAI in the workplace and higher pay among Russian employees. The study found that individuals who frequently use GenAI in their professional activities earn notably more than those who reject these new tools or resort to them occasionally. The salary premium for highly qualified specialists reaches 41.8%. The article was published in the Voprosy Ekonomiki journal.
September 24, 2026
‘Feedback and Constructive Criticism Are Essential in Our Profession
Vincent Fardeau, Associate Professor at HSE ICEF, has reached a major career milestone: he recently published his paper ‘Asymmetric Thin Markets’ in the Journal of Financial Economics, successfully passed his major academic review, and received tenure. In this interview, Vincent discusses the story behind the paper, explains the concept of asymmetric thin markets, and shares his advice for young scholars aiming to publish in top-tier journals.
September 22, 2026
Personal Interest in Doctoral Thesis Topic Most Important for Confidence in Successful Defence
A researcher at HSE University analysed data on 1,539 doctoral students from 161 Russian universities to identify which features of a thesis topic are associated with academic success and engagement. The most important factor was found to be personal interest in the research topic, which was associated with almost all key aspects of doctoral programme experience—from engaging with the academic supervisor to research activity and confidence about successfully defending the thesis. The findings have been published in Higher Education.

 

Have you spotted a typo?
Highlight it, click Ctrl+Enter and send us a message. Thank you for your help!

Publications
  • Books
  • Articles
  • Chapters of books
  • Working papers
  • Report a publication
  • Research at HSE

?

Как тиун Яким белок считал (к интерпретации берестяной грамоты № 1021)

Славяноведение. 2020. № 2. С. 3–10.
Gippius A.

Novgorod birchbark letter no 1021 (the second half of the twelfth century) is a record of a purchase by two partners of a large batch of squirrel pelts, indicating the amount of money paid for the fur. Comparison of these data with the testimonies of other recently discovered birchbark documents made it possible to reconstruct the system of relations linking the three main types of means of payment that were in use in Rus’ in the pre-Mongol period: silver, fur and leather «banknotes». Based on these ratios, among which the central one is the equivalence of silver grivna to «semnitsa» (seven times forty) squirrel pelts, the article proposes a detailed reconstruction of the financial operation reflected by the document.

Priority areas: humanitarian
Language: Russian
Full text
DOI
Keywords: birchbark documentsберестяные грамотыmonetary systems of medieval Rusдревнерусские денежные системы
Similar publications
Vague stimulating ideas, images and metaphors in scientific thinking: researchers' work with horizons of unclear knowledge
Poddiakov A., / Series Social Science Research Network "Social Science Research Network". 2026. No. 7437658.
Clarity of knowledge and reasoning is necessary in many cases. Yet vagueness in scientific thinking related to surprise, curiosity, "ability to engage with not-knowing" (de Freitas) and abductive reasoning is also a crucially important source of scientific creativity which supplements combinatorial logic when dealing with the already known. Starting from studies by C. S. Peirce ...
Added: September 15, 2026
Система синтаксических инвариантов текстовой деятельности: статистические дескрипторы, семантическая структура и диагностические профили
Kudriavtseva E., / РЦИС. Серия № 0148-756-286. 2026.
The content of the work is the system is a system for identifying four types of written speech structures. A set of 11 calculated parameters, statistical standards, and semantic characteristics allows for the identification of a text's structure as the result of a specific cognitive schema (scene, event, story, evaluation). The method has been verified ...
Added: June 2, 2026
Почему растущие доходы не делают людей счастливее: эмоциональное объяснение парадокса Истерлина (Why Growing Incomes Do Not Make People Happier: an Emotional Explanation of the Easterlin Paradox)
Vorchik A., / SSRN. Серия Social Science Research Network "Social Science Research Network". 2026.
This work is devoted to a theoretical explanation of the Easterlin paradox, according to which long-term economic growth does not make average level of people's happiness increasing. By happiness, we mean the intensity of emotions people experience while comparing their new income with its expected value, or the target income with its original value. In the first case, ...
Added: May 31, 2026
Школьный литературный канон эмиграции 1918–1939 гг.
Strizhkova D., / Институт русской литературы (Пушкинский Дом) РАН. Серия B001 "Репозиторий открытых данных по русской литературе и фольклору". 2026.
В базе данных представлена роспись русскоязычных литературных произведений и отрывков, напечатанных в учебниках по словесности, хрестоматиях, книгах для чтения, сборниках стихотворений и рассказов, выходивших во Франции, Германии, Латвии, Эстонии, Болгарии, Сербии в период первой волны русской эмиграции с 1918 по 1939 гг. Датасет представляет интерес для исследователей школьного литературного канона, эмиграции и детского чтения ...
Added: April 22, 2026
Современная российская мультипликация как инструмент воспитания традиционных духовно-нравственных ценностей
Жигунов А. Ю., / Basic Research Programme. Серия HUM "Humanities". 2026. № 1.
The article attempts to describe the features of the educational potential of Russian animation programmes in aspect of the representation of traditional spiritual and moral values. Based on media and semiotic analysis, the method of cultural and historical interpretation, animated Russian projects created from 2000 to the 2025, which were translated on television channels or streaming ...
Added: April 19, 2026
Еще раз о "гривнах золотников" и денежном счете средневекового Новгорода
Gippius A., В кн.: Русское денежное обращение IX—XVII вековТ. 2: Нумизматический сборник к 70-летию Петра Григорьевича Гайдукова.: М.: Институт археологии Российской академии наук, 2025. С. 62–68.
Th e article continues the series of works on Old Russian money-weight systems, launched by the publication of the Novgorod birchbark document No. 1072 of the late 12th century. Th e critical analysis of the alternative interpretation of this document, proposed by A. A. Kupranis and A. A. Popov (2019), allows the author to stay ...
Added: November 20, 2025
Русское денежное обращение IX—XVII веков
М.: Институт археологии Российской академии наук, 2025.
This collection includes articles on Russian numismatics and sphragistics from the medieval and early modern periods. Authors from Russia and neighboring countries publish cutting-edge research and dedicate the collection to the anniversary of the distinguished Russian scholar, Pyotr Grigoryevich Gaidukov. New numismatic and sigillographic sources are introduced into scholarly circulation, important for the study of ...
Added: November 20, 2025
Политическая аккомодация культурных различий в индустриально развитых обществах (Political Accommodation of Cultural Differences in Industrialized Societies)
Малахов В. С., Симон М. Е., Летняков Д. Э. et al., / SSRN. Серия Social Science Research Network "Social Science Research Network". 2020.
The  notion  of  “political  accommodation” applied  to the  theory  and  practice  of managing cultural diversity could enrich the Russian academic dictionary. Liberal democratic states invented specific mechanisms for political accommodation of cultural differences. Thanks to these mechanisms, the part of the population of a democratic state that is not ready to dissolve into the ethnocultural ...
Added: September 26, 2025
Берестяные грамоты из раскопок 2024 г. I. Великий Новгород, Троицкий раскоп
Gippius A., Вопросы языкознания 2025 № 4 С. 7–41
This article contains a preliminary publication of 30 birchbark letters found during the 2024 archaeological season at the Troitsky excavation in Veliky Novgorod. The vast majority of the published texts date back to the 12th century. Most important in historical and philological terms are the following items: a letter mentioning a military campaign and related ...
Added: September 21, 2025
Национальная мощь современных государств: сравнительный анализ. Аналитический доклад
Melville A. Y., Каберник В. В., Mironyuk M. et al., / МГИМО МИД России. 2024.
Данный аналитический доклад является одним из результатов исследований в рамках консорциума НИУ ВШЭ и МГИМО. В нем прежде всего раскрыты вопросы концептуализации национальной мощи и сопутствующих категорий и дается обзор прецедентов. Далее рассматриваются вопросы операционализации предлагаемых нами компонентов национальной мощи. В следующих разделах доклада предлагается анализ вопросов методологии, используемой в докладе. На этой основе предложен ...
Added: September 19, 2025
Explicit continuum scale format reduces the ceiling effect in self-report questionnaires comparing to Likert response format
Antipkina I., Ivanov A., Guzhelya D., / Series WP BRP "Basic research program". 2024.
This study presents a methodology for developing a new questionnaire format called explicit continuum scenario scales, in the example of a client focus questionnaire. Elements of the Rasch Guttman scenario scale methodology were used in its development. In three consequent studies, different aspects of the scale functioning were investigated. In Study 1, on the sample ...
Added: February 21, 2025
Language In The Construction Of Ethnicity Among Koreans In Kazakhstan: A Case Study Of The Korean Community In Karaganda
Aitzhanov S., / NRU HSE. Series WP BRP "Linguistics". 2024. No. 116.
This study focuses on examining the role of language as an attribute in the construction of ethnicity within the Korean community in Kazakhstan. The research examines how language functions as an attribute in the categorization and identification processes, and how it interacts with other ethnic attributes such as descent and appearance. Drawing on qualitative methods, ...
Added: December 10, 2024
CONNECTING ANCIENT AND MODERN: THE MEDIEVAL PLOT ABOUT THE FOX AND THE DISCUSSION BETWEEN GOETHE AND SCHILLER ABOUT GERMAN EPIC POETRY
Микаелян А. Л., / NRU Higher School of Economics. Series WP BRP "Literary Studies". 2024. No. 28.
The article presents an attempt to examine Goethe's poem "Reineke Fox" in connection with the discussion between Goethe and Schiller about the nature of epic poetry and the principles of its renewal within the poetics of "Weimar Classicism". Goethe introduced into his interpretation of the medieval story of the Fox a number of innovations at various ...
Added: November 19, 2024
A Language Model for Grammatical Error Correction in L2 Russian
Remnev N., Obiedkov S., Rakhilina E. V. et al., / Series Computer Science "arxiv.org". 2023.
Grammatical error correction is one of the fundamental tasks in Natural Language Processing. For the Russian language, most of the spellcheckers available correct typos and other simple errors with high accuracy, but often fail when faced with non-native (L2) writing, since the latter contains errors that are not typical for native speakers. In this paper, ...
Added: October 30, 2024
Берестяные грамоты из раскопок 2023 г. в Великом Новгороде и Старой Руссе
Gippius A., Вопросы языкознания 2024 № 4 С. 7–26
The article contains a preliminary publication of nineteen birchbark letters found during the archaeological season of 2023 in Veliky Novgorod (Nos. 1158–1172) and Staraya Russa (Nos. 55–58). The published documents date back to the 12th— early 16th centuries. From the historical point of view, three 14th-century documents are of the greatest value: No. 1164 is ...
Added: September 7, 2024
You shall know a piece by the company it keeps. Chess plays as a data for word2vec models
Orekhov B., / Series Computer Science "arxiv.org". 2024.
In this paper, I apply linguistic methods of analysis to non-linguistic data, chess plays, metaphorically equating one with the other and seeking analogies. Chess game notations are also a kind of text, and one can consider the records of moves or positions of pieces as words and statements in a certain language. In this article ...
Added: August 8, 2024
К истории реформирования новгородской денежной системы в первой четверти XV в.
Gippius A., Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики 2023 № 1 С. 38–45
The article introduces into scientific discourse the so far neglected 1422 chronicle entry reporting the start of minting Novgorod “quarter” coins worth ¼ denga. “Lobets” and “veksha”, which were replaced by the “quarter”, are interpreted as the lower denominations of the kuna system, which survived after kuna itself was cancelled in 1410. ...
Added: February 13, 2024
Берестяные грамоты из раскопок 2022 г. в Великом Новгороде и Старой Руссе
Gippius A., Вопросы языкознания 2023 № 5 С. 7–28
: The article contains a preliminary publication of twelve birchbark letters of the twelfth— ​first  half of the fifteenth century, found in the archaeological season of 2022 in Veliky Novgorod (Nos. 1146– 1157), and letters Nos. 52 and 53 from Staraya Russa. Letters Nos. 1142 and 1143 from the excavations  of 2021, which were not included ...
Added: February 13, 2024
Глаголический амулет из Варны в свете древненовгородских параллелей и vice versa
Gippius A., Studi Slavistici 2023 Т. 20 № 1 С. 5–20
The article analyses the Glagolitic prayer on the lead amulet published by K. Popkonstantinov and H. Miklas in 2009. A new reading of the central phrase is proposed based on the parallels in Novgorod birchbark documents. In the second part of the article, the Varna amulet and artefacts of its circle are compared with the birchbark documents about ...
Added: September 26, 2023
Берестяные грамоты из раскопок 2021 г. в Великом Новгороде и Старой Руссе
Gippius A., Вопросы языкознания 2022 № 6 С. 7–20
The article contains a preliminary publication of seven birchbark letters of the 12th — first half of the 15th centuries found during the archaeological season of 2021 in Veliky Novgorod (Nos. 1136– 1141, 1144) and the letter No. 52 from Staraya Russa. Especially interesting in their contents are No. 1137 (early 15th century) — a fragment of a ...
Added: December 5, 2022
Берестяные грамоты из новгородских раскопок 2020 г.
Gippius A., Вопросы языкознания 2021 № 5 С. 66–92
The article is a preliminary publication of fourteen birchbark letters found in Veliky Novgorod during the archaeological season of 2020. With the exception of Nо. 1135 (mid-12th century), the published documents date back to the 14th — first half of the 15th century. Despite the fragmented state of most of the texts, their overall content can ...
Added: October 28, 2021
Берестяные грамоты из раскопок 2019 г. в Великом Новгороде и Старой Руссе
Gippius A., Вопросы языкознания 2020 № 5 С. 22–37
Stat'ja predstavljaet soboj predvaritel'nuju publikaciju berestjanyh gramot, najdennyh v Velikom Novgorode i Staroj Russe v arheologicheskom sezone 2019 g. ...
Added: November 16, 2020
"Contextualized Writings" in Old Novgorod: Birchbark Documents and Graffiti-Inscriptions in Comparative Overview
Gippius A., , in: Vergesellschaftete Schriften. Beiträge zum internationalen Workshop der Arbeitsgruppe 11 am SFB 933.: Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz Verlag, 2019. P. 176–190.
The paper presents a comparative overview of two categories of Old Rus' writing: birchbark documents and graffiti inscriptions on church walls. Similarities and differences between them are illustrated on the examples of  two sets of birchbark documents discoverd at Troitskii excavation site in Velikii Novgorod and two sets of graffiti insriptions - in St Sophia ...
Added: October 11, 2019
Берестяная грамота Москва-4: результаты комплексного исследования
Беляев Л. А., Gippius A., Зализняк А. А., Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики 2019 № 3(77) С. 21–30
Полная публикация четвертой берестяной грамоты, найденной в Москве за четверть века. Место находки – Зарядье, приречный район Москвы восточнее Кремля, самый плотно заселенный в XIV–XV в. Здесь сохранился влажный культурный слой с большим количеством находок. Это позволяет точно датировать грамоту последней четвертью XIV в. Данная грамота, единственная в Москве, оформлена по стандартам, принятым в Новгороде. ...
Added: October 11, 2019
  • About
  • About
  • Key Figures & Facts
  • Sustainability at HSE University
  • Faculties & Departments
  • International Partnerships
  • Faculty & Staff
  • HSE Buildings
  • HSE University for Persons with Disabilities
  • Public Enquiries
  • Studies
  • Admissions
  • Programme Catalogue
  • Undergraduate
  • Graduate
  • Exchange Programmes
  • Summer University
  • Summer Schools
  • Semester in Moscow
  • Business Internship
  • Research
  • International Laboratories
  • Research Centres
  • Research Projects
  • Monitoring Studies
  • Conferences & Seminars
  • Academic Jobs
  • Yasin (April) International Academic Conference on Economic and Social Development
  • Media & Resources
  • Publications by staff
  • HSE Journals
  • Publishing House
  • iq.hse.ru: commentary by HSE experts
  • Library
  • Economic & Social Data Archive
  • Video
  • HSE Repository of Socio-Economic Information
  • HSE1993–2026
  • Contacts
  • Copyright
  • Privacy Policy
  • Site Map
Edit