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July 2, 2026
Researchers Discover How Spelling Errors Slow Down Reading in Russian
Psycholinguists from the Centre for Language and Brain at HSE University–St Petersburg have shown that words that are frequently misspelled are processed more slowly by readers, even when presented with the correct spelling. The researchers confirmed this effect for the first time using Russian-language materials and found that response speed is most strongly linked to how confidently individuals can distinguish the correct spelling of a word from an incorrect one. The study has been published in The Mental Lexicon.
July 2, 2026
HSE Develops App for Assessing Phonological Processing in Children
Researchers at the HSE Centre for Language and Brain have developed a new digital tool for assessing children's phonological processing skills—the ZARYA (Sound Analysis of the Russian Language) test battery. It is the first standardised application in Russia designed to provide a fast and reliable assessment of children's ability to distinguish speech sounds, retain them in working memory, and perform phonemic analysis. The app runs on Android tablets and smartphones and is available for download from RuStore. Details of the test validation have been published in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.
July 1, 2026
Scientists Discover Why Europium 'Misbehaves'
Europium is a rare-earth metal responsible for the pure red glow in displays and other luminescent materials. For a long time, however, it refused to emit light when surrounded by certain organic molecules known as acylpyrazolone ligands. Chemists have now uncovered the reason: in europium complexes with these ligands, a 'black window' appears—a charge-transfer state in which the energy absorbed by the ligand is dissipated as heat rather than emitted as light. Understanding this mechanism opens the way to designing more efficient red-emitting materials for displays, fluorescent thermometers, and chemical sensors. The results have been published in Dalton Transactions.

 

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Гуманитарный терроризм как высшая и последняя стадия асимметричной войны

Философские науки. 2020. Т. 63. № 1. С. 66–84.
Kashnikov B.

The articles reviews the problem of humanitarian terrorism that is a terrorism
of self-proclaimed humanitarian goals and self-inflicted constraints.
This type of terrorism justifies itself by lofty aspirations and claims that its
actions are targeted killings of guilty individuals only. This terrorism is the
product of the Enlightenment, it emerged by the end of the 18th century and
passed three stages in its development. The first stage is the classical terror
of the Jacobins 1793–1794. The second one is Russian revolutionary terror
of the end of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The third stage is the contemporary
American warfare waged by the unmanned aerial vehicles, called
drones. From the perspective of the contemporary just war theory, this terrorism
is not only morally superior to the ordinary primitive terrorism of
straightforward attacks on civilians (this terrorism may be no less fair in
terms of self-imposed goals, but is doubtful in terms of means), but even
contemporary war. Terrorists of this type kill the few but teach a lesson to
many. But it must be clearly born in mind that humanitarian terrorism is not
only the summit of just war but also the summit of absolute war. It is founded
in personal and individual enmity, which makes the core of absolute
enmity. Absolute enmity may at times be inevitable and even justified, but it
blocks the road to peace. Revengeful spite, stemming from absolute enmity,
is capable of creating its own phantoms of justice, propelling the war. The
author concludes that the vicious circle is thus completed. The logic of just
war drags in the direction humanitarian terrorism, humanitarian terrorism
drags in the mire of absolute enmity. Absolute enmity proclaims just war.

Research target: Law Other social sciences Humanities Philosophy, Ethics, and Religious Studies
Priority areas: sociology state and public administration law humanitarian
Language: Russian
Full text
DOI
Text on another site
Keywords: терроризмморальгуманизмterrorismjust war theoryтеррортеория справедливой войныterrorhumanismWarmoralsВойна
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